基礎知識:
<canvas id="demo" width="400" height="400"></canvas>
在頁面上創建canvas標簽,然後獲取canvas這個元素,因為是畫2D圖,所以是調用.getContext('2d') 二維圖方法
var target = document.getElementById('demo'), pic = target.getContext('2d');
canvas作圖的平面空間,該空間的每個點都有自己的坐標,x表示橫坐標,y表示豎坐標。原點(0, 0)位於圖像左上角,x軸的正向是原點向右,y軸的正向是原點向下。
部分API的介紹:
pic.beginPath(); //創建開始描繪路徑(每一條線都需要重新創建一次,否則以後的操作【如填充顏色】都會反映在此路徑) pic.moveTo(0, 0); //描繪的起點 pic.lineTo(100,100); // 設置描繪線的終點,可以調用多次(以上次的終點為起點,繼續描繪) pic.lineTo(240,340); pic.lineWidth = 1; //設置寬度 pic.strokeStyle = '#259'; //設置顏色 pic.stroke(); //填充 pic.closePath(); //關閉此路徑,可選
封裝:
描繪路徑必需知道起點坐標與終點坐標,因為可能是多次描繪,所以就需要用到二維數組把各個坐標保存下來,如[ [0,0],[100,50],[2,50] ],然後遍歷二維數組,多次調用lineTo方法進行描繪。封裝函數如下:
// 畫線 function drawContLine(opt){ pic.beginPath(); var path = opt.path,//[[0,0],[20,30]......] color = opt.color; pic.moveTo(path[0][0],path[0][1]); var n = 1, len = path.length; for(;n<len;n++){ pic.lineTo(path[n][0],path[n][1]); } pic.lineWidth = 1; pic.strokeStyle = color; pic.stroke(); pic.closePath(); }
例子:月份成績分數對比曲線圖
完整代碼:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=0"/> <title>Document</title> <style type="text/css"> .ui-fill{border:1px solid #666;border-top:none;border-right:none;width:400px;height:400px;margin:50px auto;position:relative;} .scroe span{position:absolute;left:-40px;} .a10{top:-10px;}.a9{top:30px;}.a8{top:70px;}.a7{top:110px;}.a6{top:150px;} .a5{top:190px;}.a4{top:230px;}.a3{top:270px;}.a2{top:310px;}.a1{top:350px;} .year span{position:absolute;top:410px;white-space:nowrap;color:#700404;} .y1{left:70px;}.y2{left:150px;}.y3{left:230px;}.y4{left:310px;}.y5{left:390px;} </style> </head> <body> <div class="ui-fill"> <canvas id="demo" width="400" height="400"></canvas> <div class="scroe"> <span class="a1">10</span> <span class="a2">20</span> <span class="a3">30</span> <span class="a4">40</span> <span class="a5">50</span> <span class="a6">60</span> <span class="a7">70</span> <span class="a8">80</span> <span class="a9">90</span> <span class="a10">100</span> </div> <div class="year"> <span class="y1">1月</span> <span class="y2">2月</span> <span class="y3">3月</span> <span class="y4">4月</span> <span class="y5">5月</span> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var target = document.getElementById('demo'); var pic = target.getContext('2d'); //參數 var sum = 400, ratio = 400/100; // 畫線 function drawContLine(opt){ pic.beginPath(); var path = opt.path,//[[0,0],[20,30]......] color = opt.color; pic.moveTo(path[0][0],path[0][1]); var n = 1, len = path.length; for(;n<len;n++){ pic.lineTo(path[n][0],path[n][1]); } pic.lineWidth = 1; pic.strokeStyle = color; pic.stroke(); pic.closePath(); } // 刻度線 (function(){ var scale = 20, i = sum/scale, n = 0; for(;n<i;n++){ drawContLine({'path':[[scale*n*4,0],[scale*n*4,sum]],'color':'#f4f4f4'}); drawContLine({'path':[[0,scale*n],[sum,scale*n]],'color':'#f4f4f4'}); } })(); // 分數轉化為坐標輸出 function transforCoor(opt){ var scroes = opt.scroes, scale = 20*4, n = 0, len = scroes.length, a_path = []; for(;n<len;n++){ var x = sum - scroes[n]*ratio; var arry = [scale*(n+1),x]; //console.log(arry); a_path.push(arry); } drawContLine({'path':a_path,'color':opt.color}); } transforCoor({'scroes':[90,80,98,70,60],'color':'#259'}); transforCoor({'scroes':[88,86,85,84,85],'color':'#f60'}); </script> </body> </html>
扇形圖:
ctx.arc(x, y, radius, startAngle, endAngle, anticlockwise);
arc方法的x和y參數是圓心坐標,radius是半徑,startAngle和endAngle則是扇形的起始角度和終止角度(以弧度表示,Math.PI*2表示360度),anticlockwise表示做圖時應該逆時針畫(true)還是順時針畫(false)
例子:
<canvas id="j_canvas" width="300" height="300"></canvas> <script type="text/javascript"> /* * @param {obj} * @param {string} id canvas的id * @param {array} colors 顏色 * @param {array} pers 占的比值(小數格式) */ function drawSector(opt){ var target = document.getElementById(opt.id), ctx = target.getContext('2d'), colors = opt.colors, pers = opt.pers, n = 0, len = colors.length, w = target.getAttribute('width'), v = 0, s = 0, e = 0; for(;n<len;n++){ ctx.beginPath(); v = n==0?0:Number(pers[n-1]), s = s + v, e = e + Number(pers[n]); ctx.arc(w/2, w/2, w/2, Math.PI*2*s, Math.PI*2*e,false); //畫出結束半徑 ctx.lineTo(w/2,w/2); ctx.fillStyle = colors[n]; ctx.fill(); } } drawSector({'id':'j_canvas','colors':['#259','#333','#f60','#999'],'pers':['0.2','0.4','0.3','0.1']}); </script>
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HTML5移動開發即學即用(雙色) PDF+源碼 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/90351.htm
HTML5入門學習筆記 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/90089.htm
HTML5移動Web開發筆記 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/90088.htm
HTML5 開發中的本地存儲的安全風險 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86486.htm
《HTML5與CSS3權威指南》及相配套源碼 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-02/79950.htm
關於 HTML5 令人激動的 10 項預測 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-02/79917.htm
HTML5與CSS3實戰指南 PDF http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-02/79910.htm
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