最近需要把基於Hadoop的MapReduce程序集成到一個大的用C/C++編寫的框架中，需要在make的時候自動將MapReduce應用進行編譯和打包。這裡以簡單的WordCount1為例說明具體的實現細節，注意：hadoop版本為2.4.0.
源代碼包含兩個文件，一個是WordCount1.java是具體的對單詞計數實現的邏輯；第二個是CounterThread.java，其中簡單的當前處理的行數做一個統計和打印。代碼分別見附1. 編寫makefile的關鍵是將hadoop提供的jar包的路徑全部加載進來，看到網上很多資料都自己實現一個腳本把hadoop目錄下所有的.jar文件放到一個路徑中，然後進行編譯，這種做法太麻煩了。當然也有些簡單的辦法，但是都是比較老的hadoop版本如0.20之類的。
其實，hadoop提供了一個命令hadoop classpath可以獲得包含所有jar包的路徑.所以只需要用 javac -classpath "`hadoop classpath`" *.java 便可，然後使用jar -cvf對class文件進行打包就可以了。
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Ubuntu 13.04上搭建Hadoop環境 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86106.htm
Ubuntu 12.10 +Hadoop 1.2.1版本集群配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/90600.htm
Ubuntu上搭建Hadoop環境（單機模式+偽分布模式） http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-01/77681.htm
Ubuntu下Hadoop環境的配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-11/74539.htm
單機版搭建Hadoop環境圖文教程詳解 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-02/53927.htm
--------------------------------------分割線 --------------------------------------
具體的Makefile代碼如下：
SRC_DIR = src/mypackage/*.java
CLASS_DIR = bin
TARGET_JAR = WordCount
all:$(TARGET_JAR)
$(TARGET_JAR): $(SRC_DIR)
mkdir -p $(CLASS_DIR)
# javac -classpath `$(HADOOP) classpath` -d $(CLASS_DIR) $(SRC_DIR)
javac -classpath "`hadoop classpath`" src/mypackage/*.java -d $(CLASS_DIR) -Xlint
jar -cvf $(TARGET_JAR).jar -C $(CLASS_DIR) ./
clean:
rm -rf $(CLASS_DIR) *.jar
make一下：
lichao@ubuntu:WordCount1$ make
mkdir -p bin
javac -classpath "`hadoop classpath`" src/mypackage/*.java -d bin -Xlint
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb-api.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/activation.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/jsr173_1.0_api.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/jaxb1-impl.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb-api.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/activation.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jsr173_1.0_api.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jaxb1-impl.jar": no such file or directory
warning: [path] bad path element "/home/lichao/Software/hadoop/hadoop-src/hadoop-2.4.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.4.0/contrib/capacity-scheduler/*.jar": no such file or directory
src/mypackage/WordCount1.java:61: warning: [deprecation] Job(Configuration,String) in Job has been deprecated
Job job = new Job(conf, "WordCount1"); //建立新job
^
10 warnings
jar -cvf WordCount.jar -C bin ./
added manifest
adding: mypackage/(in = 0) (out= 0)(stored 0%)
adding: mypackage/WordCount1.class(in = 1970) (out= 1037)(deflated 47%)
adding: mypackage/CounterThread.class(in = 1760) (out= 914)(deflated 48%)
adding: mypackage/WordCount1$IntSumReducer.class(in = 1762) (out= 749)(deflated 57%)
adding: mypackage/WordCount1$TokenizerMapper.class(in = 1759) (out= 762)(deflated 56%)
adding: log4j.properties(in = 476) (out= 172)(deflated 63%)
雖然有warning，但是不影響結果。編譯後，我們來簡單的測試一下。
先生成測試數據：while true; do seq 1 100000 >> tmpfile; done; 差不多可以了就Ctrl+c
然後將數據放到hdfs上，hadoop fs -put tmpfile /data/
接著運行MapReduce程序：hadoop jar WordCount.jar mypackage/WordCount1 /data/tmpfile /output2
效果如下：
14/07/15 13:26:01 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
14/07/15 13:26:03 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at localhost/127.0.0.1:8032
14/07/15 13:26:05 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1
14/07/15 13:26:05 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:6
14/07/15 13:26:06 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1405397597558_0003
14/07/15 13:26:06 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1405397597558_0003
14/07/15 13:26:06 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://ubuntu:8088/proxy/application_1405397597558_0003/
14/07/15 13:26:06 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1405397597558_0003
14/07/15 13:26:20 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1405397597558_0003 running in uber mode : false
14/07/15 13:26:20 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:26:34 WARN mapreduce.Counters: Group org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Task$Counter is deprecated. Use org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskCounter instead
輸入行數：0
14/07/15 13:26:48 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 2% reduce 0%
輸入行數：3138474
14/07/15 13:26:51 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 5% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:26:54 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 6% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:26:55 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 8% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:26:57 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 9% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:26:58 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 11% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 12% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:01 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 13% reduce 0%
輸入行數：23383595
14/07/15 13:27:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 14% reduce 0%
輸入行數：23383595
14/07/15 13:27:23 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 15% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:27 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 16% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:28 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 18% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:30 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 19% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:31 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 21% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:34 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 24% reduce 0%
輸入行數：38430301
14/07/15 13:27:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 25% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:27:40 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 26% reduce 0%
輸入行數：42826322
14/07/15 13:27:57 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 27% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:00 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 29% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:02 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 30% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:03 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 32% reduce 0%
輸入行數：54513531
14/07/15 13:28:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 33% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:06 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 34% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:08 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 35% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:09 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 36% reduce 0%
輸入行數：60959081
14/07/15 13:28:22 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 42% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:30 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 43% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:31 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 44% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:34 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 45% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:35 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 46% reduce 0%
輸入行數：69936159
14/07/15 13:28:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 47% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:38 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 48% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:41 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 49% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:28:44 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 50% reduce 0%
輸入行數：77160461
14/07/15 13:29:01 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 51% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 52% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:05 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 53% reduce 0%
輸入行數：83000373
14/07/15 13:29:07 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 54% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:09 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 55% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 56% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:13 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 57% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:16 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 58% reduce 0%
輸入行數：93361766
14/07/15 13:29:32 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 59% reduce 0%
輸入行數：98194696
14/07/15 13:29:35 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 60% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 61% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:38 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 62% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:40 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 63% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:41 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 64% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:44 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 65% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:29:48 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 66% reduce 0%
輸入行數：109562184
14/07/15 13:30:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 67% reduce 0%
輸入行數：113362818
14/07/15 13:30:06 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 68% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:08 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 69% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:10 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 70% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:12 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 71% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:15 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 72% reduce 0%
輸入行數：123074119
14/07/15 13:30:32 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 76% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:33 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 80% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:34 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 83% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:35 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 84% reduce 0%
輸入行數：123074119
14/07/15 13:30:37 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 89% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:38 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 92% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:39 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 95% reduce 0%
14/07/15 13:30:40 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
輸入行數：123074119
14/07/15 13:30:53 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 100%
14/07/15 13:30:53 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1405397597558_0003 completed successfully
14/07/15 13:30:53 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 50
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=58256119
FILE: Number of bytes written=66039749
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=724520133
HDFS: Number of bytes written=1088895
HDFS: Number of read operations=21
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=2
Job Counters
Killed map tasks=2
Launched map tasks=8
Launched reduce tasks=1
Data-local map tasks=8
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=1528715
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=17508
Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=1528715
Total time spent by all reduce tasks (ms)=17508
Total vcore-seconds taken by all map tasks=1528715
Total vcore-seconds taken by all reduce tasks=17508
Total megabyte-seconds taken by all map tasks=1565404160
Total megabyte-seconds taken by all reduce tasks=17928192
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=123074119
Map output records=123074119
Map output bytes=1216795535
Map output materialized bytes=7133406
Input split bytes=594
Combine input records=127374119
Combine output records=4900000
Reduce input groups=100000
Reduce shuffle bytes=7133406
Reduce input records=600000
Reduce output records=100000
Spilled Records=5500000
Shuffled Maps =6
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=6
GC time elapsed (ms)=39761
CPU time spent (ms)=1397060
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=1797943296
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=5082316800
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=1398800384
Shuffle Errors
BAD_ID=0
CONNECTION=0
IO_ERROR=0
WRONG_LENGTH=0
WRONG_MAP=0
WRONG_REDUCE=0
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=724519539
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=1088895
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