使用OpenGL實現一個簡易的Robot模擬

這是我一個很早以前寫得關於3D Robot仿真模擬的一個簡易實現方式。希望對於學習OpenGL的同學有幫助。

效果圖如下：

代碼如下：

#include <gl/glut.h>  
#include <stdio.h>   
#include <string.h>   
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <math.h>
/*
作者：chenjieb520
*1、顯示場景，並在指定視線方向觀察顯示場景，並在指定視線方向觀察顯示場景，並在指定視線方向觀察
    能夠借助鍵盤或鼠，能夠借助鍵盤或鼠，能夠借助鍵盤或鼠
    標交互動態觀察場景。標交互動態觀察場景。標交互動態觀察場景。
 
*2、渲染的實現，至少實現兩種局部光渲染的實現和一種全局光照模型
*/ 
/*
 *機器人運動時 動作轉化
 */
static int shoulder1 = 0;
static int shoulder2 = 0;
static int hand=0;
static int turn1=0;
static int tag=0;

static int turn=0 ;//轉彎
static float forward=0;//前進
static float elbow = 0 ,z=0; 
int w;  
int h;  
int font=(int)GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13;  
char s[30];  
int frame,timeOwn,timebase=0;

static GLfloat xRot = 0.0f;
static GLfloat yRot = 0.0f;
//是否停止轉動
bool  IsStop=false;   
//光照  使用光源
GLfloat lightPos[] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f };
GLfloat  specular[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f};//反射光
GLfloat  specref[] =  { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };//a
GLfloat  ambientLight[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f};//環繞光
GLfloat  spotDir[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f };
GLboolean bEdgeFlag = TRUE;

void showText(void);  
void resetPerspectiveProjection() ;   
void setOrthographicProjection() ;  
void Something();
void renderBitmapString(float x, float y, void *font,char *string);   
//設置背景
void SetupRC(void) 
{
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,ambientLight);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,specular);
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,lightPos);

glLightf(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPOT_CUTOFF,30.0f);
glLightf(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPOT_EXPONENT,20.0f);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);
glColorMaterial(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR,specref);
glMateriali(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS,8);
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
} 
 
void display(void) 
{ 
   glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
   glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
   if (IsStop==false)
   {
  turn = (turn - 5) % 360;
  if (forward<2)
  {
  turn1=turn; 
  forward = forward -0.04*sin((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2); 
  z=z-0.05*cos((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2); 
 
  if(tag==0){ 
  shoulder1 = (shoulder1 + 1); 
  shoulder2 = (shoulder2 - 1); 
  if(shoulder1>=0){elbow=elbow-1.2;} 
  else{elbow=elbow+1.2;} 
  } 
  else 
  { 
  shoulder1 = (shoulder1 - 1); 
  shoulder2 = (shoulder2 + 1); 
  if(shoulder1>=0){elbow=elbow+1.25;} 
  else{elbow=elbow-1.2;} 
  } 
  if(shoulder1>30){ 
  tag=1; 
  } 
  if(shoulder1<-30){ 
  tag=0;
  } 
  }else
  {
  turn1=turn; 
  forward = forward +0.04*sin((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2); 
  z=z+0.05*cos((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2);
  if(tag==0){ 
  shoulder1 = (shoulder1 - 1); 
  shoulder2 = (shoulder2 + 1); 
  } 
  else 
  { 
  shoulder1 = (shoulder1 + 1); 
  shoulder2 = (shoulder2 - 1); 
  } 
  if(shoulder1>30)
  { 
  tag=0; 
  } 
  if(shoulder1<-30)
  { 
  tag=1;
  } 
  }
   }
   //
   glBegin(GL_QUADS);
   glColor3ub(0,32,0);
   glVertex3f(8.0f, -3.0f, -4.0f);
   glVertex3f(-8.0f, -3.0f, -4.0f);
   glColor3ub(0,255,0);
   glVertex3f(-8.0f, -3.0f, 4.0f);
   glVertex3f(8.0f, -3.0f, 4.0f);
   glEnd();

   //機器人運動
   glPushMatrix(); 
       glTranslatef (forward,0.0,z); //前進 
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) turn, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
  Something();

       glTranslatef (0.375,0.0, 0.0);//提起右大腿
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) shoulder2, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

  glPushMatrix();
  glRotatef(yRot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
  glRotatef(xRot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
  glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,lightPos);
  glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPOT_DIRECTION,spotDir);
  //畫一個光源
  glColor3ub(255,0,0);
  glTranslatef(lightPos[0],lightPos[1],lightPos[2]);

       glutSolidCone(0.3f,0.3f,10,10);
  glPushAttrib(GL_LIGHTING_BIT);
  glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
  glColor3ub(255,255,0);
  glutSolidSphere(0.1f,10.0f,10);
  glPopAttrib();
       glPopMatrix();

       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0);  
       glColor3f(0.8,1.0,0.2);  
       glPushMatrix();
       glScalef (0.5, 1.0, 0.5);
       glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
  
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0);//提起右小腿www.linuxidc.com  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) elbow, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); 
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0); 
     
       glColor3f(0.5,0.1,0.8);       
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.5, 1.0, 0.5); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
  
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, -0.1);//右腳  
       glColor3f(0.5,0.2,1.0);    
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.5, 0.1, 0.7); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
    glPopMatrix ();  
  
    glPushMatrix(); 
       glTranslatef (forward,0.0,z);  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) turn, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);  
  
       glTranslatef (-0.375, 0.0, 0.0);//左大腿  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) shoulder1, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); 
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0);  
  
       glColor3f(0.8,1.0,0.2);  
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.5, 1.0, 0.5); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
  
  
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0);//左小腿  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) elbow, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); 
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0); 
     
       glColor3f(0.5,0.1,0.8);  
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.5, 1.0, 0.5);//縮放四方體
           glutSolidCube(1.0);//畫四方體 
       glPopMatrix();  
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, -0.1);//左腳  
       glColor3f(0.5,0.2,1.0);  
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.5, 0.1, 0.7); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
  
   glPopMatrix();  
         
   glPushMatrix();  
       glTranslatef (forward,0.0,z);  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) turn, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); 
        
       glTranslatef (0.0, 1.0,  0.0);//軀干www.linuxidc.com  
         
       glColor3f(0.5,0.5,1.0);  
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (1.4, 2.0, 0.5); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
  
         
       glTranslatef (0.0, 1.25, 0.0);//頭  
       glColor3f(1.0,0.3,0.2);  
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.5, 0.5, 0.5); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
  
   glPopMatrix();  
         
   glPushMatrix();  
       glTranslatef (forward,0.0,z);  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) turn, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); 
         
   
       glTranslatef (0.85, 1.75, 0.0);//右臂  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) shoulder1, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); 
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0); 
     
       glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0);     
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.3, 1.3, 0.4); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  
  
   glPopMatrix();  
   glPushMatrix();  
       glTranslatef (forward,0.0,z);  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) turn, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); 
         
       glTranslatef (-0.85, 1.75, 0.0);//左臂  
       glRotatef ((GLfloat) shoulder2, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); 
       glTranslatef (0.0, -0.5, 0.0); 
     
       glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0);  
       glPushMatrix(); 
           glScalef (0.3, 1.3, 0.4); 
           glutSolidCube(1.0); 
       glPopMatrix();  

   glPopMatrix();  

   glutSwapBuffers(); 
}    
//隨便畫一些小東西
void  Something()
{
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(xRot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glRotatef(yRot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glTranslatef(0,-3.5f,0);
glutWireSphere(2.0f,50,50);
glutWireTorus(0.3f, 1.0f,50,50);
glutWireCone(0.30f, 1.1f, 20, 20);
glPopMatrix();
}
void renderBitmapString(float x, float y, void *font,char *string)  
{  
  char *c;  
  glRasterPos2f(x, y);  
  for (c=string; *c != '\0'; c++) {  
    glutBitmapCharacter(font, *c);  
  }  
}  
 
void reshape (int w1, int h1) 
{  
    w=w1;  
    h=h1; 
   glViewport (0, 0, (GLsizei) w1, (GLsizei) h1);  
   glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION); 
   glLoadIdentity (); 
   gluPerspective(65.0, (GLfloat) w1/(GLfloat) h1, 1.0, 20.0); 
   glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); 
   glLoadIdentity(); 
   glTranslatef (0.0, 0.0, -8.0); 
} 
 
void keyboard (unsigned char key, int x, int y) 
{ 
   switch (key) { 
      case 'w': //向後走
         turn1=turn; 
         forward = forward -0.04*sin((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2); 
         z=z-0.05*cos((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2); 
          
         if(tag==0){ 
             shoulder1 = (shoulder1 + 1); 
             shoulder2 = (shoulder2 - 1); 
             if(shoulder1>=0){elbow=elbow-1.2;} 
             else{elbow=elbow+1.2;} 
         } 
         else 
         { 
             shoulder1 = (shoulder1 - 1); 
             shoulder2 = (shoulder2 + 1); 
             if(shoulder1>=0){elbow=elbow+1.25;} 
             else{elbow=elbow-1.2;} 
         } 
         if(shoulder1>30){ 
             tag=1; 
         } 
         if(shoulder1<-30){ 
             tag=0; 
         } 
IsStop=true;
         glutPostRedisplay(); 
         break; 
      case 's': //向前走
         turn1=turn; 
         forward = forward +0.04*sin((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2); 
         z=z+0.05*cos((GLfloat)turn1/360*3.14*2);
         if(tag==0){ 
             shoulder1 = (shoulder1 - 1); 
             shoulder2 = (shoulder2 + 1); 
         } 
         else 
         { 
             shoulder1 = (shoulder1 + 1); 
             shoulder2 = (shoulder2 - 1); 
         } 
         if(shoulder1>30){ 
             tag=0; 
         } 
         if(shoulder1<-30){ 
             tag=1; 
         } 
IsStop=true;
         glutPostRedisplay(); 
         break; 
      case 'd'://右轉
         turn = (turn - 5) % 360; 
         glutPostRedisplay();
IsStop=true;
         break; 
      case 'a'://左轉
         turn = (turn + 5) % 360; 
         glutPostRedisplay();
IsStop=true;
         break; 
      case 'l': 
         shoulder1 = (shoulder1 + 2) % 360; 
         shoulder2 = (shoulder2 - 4) % 360; 
         glutPostRedisplay(); 
IsStop=true;
         break; 
      case 'L': 
         shoulder1 = (shoulder1 - 5) % 360; 
         shoulder2 = (shoulder2 + 10) % 360; 
         glutPostRedisplay();
IsStop=true;
         break; 
 case 'P':
 IsStop=false;
 break;
 case 'p':
 IsStop=false;
 break;
      case 27: 
         exit(0); 
         break; 
      default: 
         break; 
   } 
}  
//設置視覺角度 
void setOrthographicProjection()   
{  
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);  
    glPushMatrix();  
    glLoadIdentity();  
    gluOrtho2D(0, w, 0, h);  
    glScalef(1, -1, 1);  
    glTranslatef(0, -h, 0);  
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);  
}  
void resetPerspectiveProjection()   
{  
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);  
    glPopMatrix();  
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);  
}
//光源的坐標變化
void SpecialKeys(int key, int x, int y)
{
if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
xRot-= 5.0f;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
xRot += 5.0f;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
yRot -= 5.0f;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
yRot += 5.0f;
if(key > 356.0f)
xRot = 0.0f;
if(key < -1.0f)
xRot = 355.0f;
if(key > 356.0f)
yRot = 0.0f;
if(key < -1.0f)
yRot = 355.0f;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
//鼠標事件
void Mouse(int button,int state, int x, int y)     
{
    if (state == GLUT_DOWN)//鼠標按下
{
if (x<0)
{
//向左旋轉
yRot -= 5.0f;
}else if (x>=0)
{
//向右旋轉
yRot += 5.0f;
}else if (y>=0)
{
//向上旋轉
xRot-= 5.0f;
}else if (y<0)
{
//向下旋轉
xRot += 5.0f;
}
if(xRot> 356.0f)
xRot = 0.0f;
if(xRot < -1.0f)
xRot = 355.0f;
if(yRot > 356.0f)
yRot = 0.0f;
if(yRot < -1.0f)
yRot = 355.0f;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
}
//時間函數,定時刷新
void TimerFunction(int value)
{
display();
    glutPostRedisplay();
glutTimerFunc(33,TimerFunction, 1);
}
//主函數
int main(int argc, char** argv) 
{ 
   glutInit(&argc, argv); 
   glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB); 
   glutInitWindowSize (800, 600);  
   glutInitWindowPosition (100, 100); 
   glutCreateWindow("機器人 按W向前走  按s向後走   按a向左轉  按d向右轉   按p可以自行轉動");
   SetupRC();
   glutDisplayFunc(display);  
   glutReshapeFunc(reshape); 
   glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
   glutSpecialFunc(SpecialKeys);
   glutMouseFunc(Mouse);
   glutTimerFunc(33, TimerFunction, 1);
  // glutIdleFunc(display);
  
   glutMainLoop(); 
   return 0; 
}