通常,在商用軟件中均會有完整的日志機制,之前使用C語言實現過一個
《簡單的分級別寫日志程序》見 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-02/54210.htm,具有以下功能和不足:
[cpp]
- /************************************************************************/
- * 摘 要:此文件實現了普通WINDOWS程序中的日志功能
- * 主要有以下特點:
- * 1. 根據日期創建日志文件目錄,每天的日志分別存放在不同的日志目錄中;
- * 2. 日志內容分三種類型,根據不同需要,寫不同的日志類型的日志文件,
- * 方便通過日志定位、分析問題;
- * 3. 函數經過比較好的封裝,便於復用;
- * 待改進點:
- * 1. 為了方便,日志內容打印時使用了time函數,其精確度較低;
- * 2. 可將這些函數封裝為一個日志類,或者動態庫,使其更通用;
- * 3. 沒有考慮跨平台情景,目前只使用於WINDOWS下
- * 4. 日志文件內容還可進一步改進,比如打印出當前文件名與行號,使用日志功能
- * 更加實用;
- *
- * 當前版本:1.0
- * 作 者:duanyongxing
- * 完成日期:2009年10月11日
- /************************************************************************/
在Python中,上面以實現的和已經實現的,均可以使用logging模塊迅速搞定,且僅僅只需要一個配置文件,兩行代碼,實現過程如下(僅以輸出的磁盤文件為例,命令輸出只需要修改配置文件即可,具體可查API手冊):
1. 定義配置文件logging.conf:
[plain]
- [loggers]
- keys=root,applog
- [handlers]
- keys=rotateFileHandler
- [formatters]
- keys=applog_format
-
- [formatter_applog_format]
- format=[%(asctime)s - %(name)s]%(levelname)s: %(message)s - %(filename)s:%(lineno)d
-
- [logger_root]
- level=NOTSET
- handlers=rotateFileHandler
-
- [logger_applog]
- level=NOTSET
- handlers=rotateFileHandler
- qualname=simple_example
-
- [handler_rotateFileHandler]
- class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
- level=NOTSET
- formatter=applog_format
- args=('log_1.log', 'a', 10000, 9)
注意前三個[ ]中的keys,這個在後面各[ ]中定義定義,section的取名格式如looger_自定義名稱, handler_自定義名稱,我偷懶直接使用了標准名稱,其他一樣,最後一個要注意的就是format,即日志文件中內容的格式,具體見後面附一。level參數是日志級別,可擴展,如果使用python自己的,有以下四個級別:
[html]
- Level Numeric value
- CRITICAL 50
- ERROR 40
- WARNING 30
- INFO 20
- DEBUG 10
- NOTSET 0
例如配置文件中level定義為WARN,則INFO, DEBUG,NOTSET三個級別的日志點則不會輸出,很方便的做到了日志級別控制。
args定義了日志方件名,寫方式,最大大小,保存最多個數等屬性。
2.編碼,測試
[python]
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
- import logging
- import logging.config
-
- #日志初始化
- LOG_FILENAME = 'logging.conf'
- logging.config.fileConfig(LOG_FILENAME)
- logger = logging.getLogger("simple_log_example")
-
- #測試代碼
- logger.debug("debug message")
- logger.info("info message")
- logger.warn("warn message")
- logger.error("error message")
- logger.critical("critical message")
運行後,查看日志文件,內容如下:
[plain]
- [2012-02-11 14:47:05,483 - simple_log_example]DEBUG: debug message - test_log.py:48
- [2012-02-11 14:47:05,483 - simple_log_example]INFO: info message - test_log.py:49
- [2012-02-11 14:47:05,483 - simple_log_example]WARNING: warn message - test_log.py:50
- [2012-02-11 14:47:05,483 - simple_log_example]ERROR: error message - test_log.py:51
- [2012-02-11 14:47:05,483 - simple_log_example]CRITICAL: critical message - test_log.py:52
如將日志級別設置為WARN,再次運行,查看日志:
[plain]
- [2012-02-11 14:54:20,046 - simple_log_example]WARNING: warn message - test_log.py:50
- [2012-02-11 14:54:20,092 - simple_log_example]ERROR: error message - test_log.py:51
- [2012-02-11 14:54:20,092 - simple_log_example]CRITICAL: critical message - test_log.py:52
附一:format參數格式說明:
[plain]
- Format Description
- %(name)s Name of the logger (logging channel).
- %(levelno)s Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL).
- %(levelname)s Text logging level for the message ('DEBUG', 'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR', 'CRITICAL').
- %(pathname)s Full pathname of the source file where the logging call was issued (if available).
- %(filename)s Filename portion of pathname.
- %(module)s Module (name portion of filename).
- %(funcName)s Name of function containing the logging call.
- %(lineno)d Source line number where the logging call was issued (if available).
- %(created)f Time when the LogRecord was created (as returned by time.time()).
- %(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created, relative to the time the logging module was loaded.
- %(asctime)s Human-readable time when the LogRecord was created. By default this is of the form “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896” (the numbers after the comma are millisecond portion of the time).
- %(msecs)d Millisecond portion of the time when the LogRecord was created.
- %(thread)d Thread ID (if available).
- %(threadName)s Thread name (if available).
- %(process)d Process ID (if available).
- %(message)s The logged message, computed as msg % args.