數據字典dict總是屬於Oracle用戶sys的。
1、用戶:
select username from dba_users;
改口令
alter user spgroup identified by spgtest;
2、表空間:
select * from dba_data_files;
select * from dba_tablespaces;//表空間
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes), sum(blocks)
from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;//空閒表空間
select * from dba_data_files
where tablespace_name='RBS';//表空間對應的數據文件
select * from dba_segments
where tablespace_name='INDEXS';
3、數據庫對象:
select * from dba_objects;
CLUSTER、DATABASE LINK、FUNCTION、INDEX、LIBRARY、PACKAGE、PACKAGE BODY、
PROCEDURE、SEQUENCE、SYNONYM、TABLE、TRIGGER、TYPE、UNDEFINED、VIEW。
4、表:
select * from dba_tables;
analyze my_table compute statistics;->dba_tables後6列
select extent_id,bytes from dba_extents
where segment_name='CUSTOMERS' and segment_type='TABLE'
order by extent_id;//表使用的extent的信息。segment_type='ROLLBACK'查看回滾段的空間分配信息
列信息:
select distinct table_name
from user_tab_columns
where column_name='SO_TYPE_ID';
5、索引:
select * from dba_indexes;//索引,包括主鍵索引
select * from dba_ind_columns;//索引列
select i.index_name,i.uniqueness,c.column_name
from user_indexes i,user_ind_columns c
where i.index_name=c.index_name
and i.table_name ='ACC_NBR';//聯接使用
6、序列:
select * from dba_sequences;
7、視圖:
select * from dba_views;
select * from all_views;
text 可用於查詢視圖生成的腳本
8、聚簇:
select * from dba_clusters;
9、快照:
select * from dba_snapshots;
快照、分區應存在相應的表空間。
10、同義詞:
select * from dba_synonyms
where table_owner='SPGROUP';
//if owner is PUBLIC,then the synonyms is a public synonym.
if owner is one of users,then the synonyms is a private synonym.
11、數據庫鏈:
select * from dba_db_links;
在spbase下建數據庫鏈
create database link dbl_spnew
connect to spnew identified by spnew using 'jhhx';
insert into acc_nbr@dbl_spnew
select * from acc_nbr where nxx_nbr='237' and line_nbr='8888';
12、觸發器:
select * from dba_trigers;
存儲過程,函數從dba_objects查找。
其文本:select text from user_source where name='BOOK_SP_EXAMPLE';
建立出錯:select * from user_errors;
oracle總是將存儲過程,函數等軟件放在SYSTEM表空間。
13、約束:
(1)約束是和表關聯的,可在create table或alter table table_name add/drop/modify來建立、修改、刪除約束。
可以臨時禁止約束,如:
alter table book_example
disable constraint book_example_1;
alter table book_example
enable constraint book_example_1;
(2)主鍵和外鍵被稱為表約束,而not null和unique之類的約束被稱為列約束。通常將主鍵和外鍵作為單獨的命名約束放在字段列表下面,而列約束可放在列定義的同一行,這樣更具有可讀性。
(3)列約束可從表定義看出,即describe;表約束即主鍵和外鍵,可從dba_constraints和dba_cons_columns 查。
select * from user_constraints
where table_name='BOOK_EXAMPLE';
select owner,CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME
from user_constraints
where constraint_type='R'
order by table_name;
(4)定義約束可以無名(系統自動生成約束名)和自己定義約束名(特別是主鍵、外鍵)
如:create table book_example
(identifier number not null);
create table book_example
(identifier number constranit book_example_1 not null);
14、回滾段:
在所有的修改結果存入磁盤前,回滾段中保持恢復該事務所需的全部信息,必須以數據庫發生的事務來相應確定其大小(DML語句才可回滾,create,drop,truncate等DDL不能回滾)。
回滾段數量=並發事務/4,但不能超過50;使每個回滾段大小足夠處理一個完整的事務;
create rollback segment r05
tablespace rbs;
create rollback segment rbs_cvt
tablespace rbs
storage(initial 1M next 500k);
使回滾段在線
alter rollback segment r04 online;
用dba_extents,v$rollback_segs監測回滾段的大小和動態增長。
回滾段的區間信息
select * from dba_extents
where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';
回滾段的段信息,其中bytes顯示目前回滾段的字節數
select * from dba_segments
where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';
為事物指定回歸段
set transaction use rollback segment rbs_cvt
針對bytes可以使用回滾段回縮。
alter rollback segment rbs_cvt shrink;
select bytes,extents,max_extents from dba_segments
where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RBS_CVT';
回滾段的當前狀態信息:
select * from dba_rollback_segs
where segment_name='RB1';
比多回滾段狀態status,回滾段所屬實例instance_num
查優化值optimal
select n.name,s.optsize
from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s
where n.usn=s.usn;
回滾段中的數據
set transaction use rollback segment rb1;/*回滾段名*/
select n.name,s.writes
from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s
where n.usn=s.usn;
當事務處理完畢,再次查詢$rollstat,比較writes(回滾段條目字節數)差值,可確定事務的大小。
查詢回滾段中的事務
column rr heading 'RB Segment' format a18
column us heading 'Username' format a15
column os heading 'Os User' format a10
column te heading 'Terminal' format a10
select r.name rr,nvl(s.username,'no transaction') us,s.oSUSEr os,s.terminal te
from v$lock l,v$session s,v$rollname r
where l.sid=s.sid(+)
and trunc(l.id1/65536)=R.USN
and l.type='TX'
and l.lmode=6
order by r.name;
15、作業
查詢作業信息
select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from user_jobs;
select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from dba_jobs;
查詢正在運行的作業
select * from dba_jobs_running;
使用包exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (10/(24*60*60))')加入作業。間隔10秒鐘
exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (11/(24*60))')加入作業。間隔11分鐘使用包exec dbms_job.remove(21)刪除21號作業。
查看用戶和默認表空間的關系 select username,default_tablespace from dba_users;
查看當前用戶的表 select table_name from user_tables;
查看所有用戶的表名 select table_name from all_tables;
查看所有表名(包括系統表) select table_name from all_tables;
查看所有的表 select * from tab/dba_tables/dba_objects/cat;
◆Oracle查詢用戶表空間: select * from user_all_tables
◆Oracle查詢所有函數和儲存過程:select * from user_source
◆Oracle查詢所有用戶: select * from all_users.select * from dba_users
◆Oracle查看當前用戶連接: select * from v$Session
◆Oracle查看當前用戶權限: select * from session_privs
Oracle查看用戶表空間使用情況:
select a.file_id "FileNo" , a.tablespace_name "Tablespace_name",
a.bytes "Bytes" , a.bytes-sum(nvl(b.bytes,0)) "Used",
sum(nvl(b.bytes,0)) "Free" , sum(nvl(b.bytes,0))/a.bytes*100 "%free"
from dba_data_files a, dba_free_space b
where a.file_id=b.file_id(+)
group by a.tablespace_name , a.file_id,a.bytes
order by a.tablespace_name;
1.查看所有用戶:
select * from dba_user;
select * from all_users;
select * from user_users;
2.查看用戶系統權限:
select * from dba_sys_privs;
select * from all_sys_privs;
select * from user_sys_privs;
3.查看用戶對象權限:
select * from dba_tab_privs;
select * from all_tab_privs;
select * from user_tab_privs;
4.查看所有角色:
select * from dba_roles;
5.查看用戶所擁有的角色:
select * from dba_role_privs;
select * from user_role_privs;
6.查看角色所擁有的權限:
select * from role_sys_privs;
select * from role_tab_privs;
7.查看所有系統權限 select * from system_privilege_map;
8.查看所有對象權限 select * from table_privilege_map;
9.查看日期等字符集 select * from v$nls_parameters;
10.查看 密碼文件的信息v$PWFILE_USERS