1、使用調試器
你可以通過服從jdwp的調試器來調試獨立的應用，有兩種基本方法。
一種是通過TCP，一種是通過DDMS。（CR：唔，前面看過了）
2、桌面編譯
dalvik vm也可以直接在桌面使用，事實上這更復雜，因為你沒有建立環境的一些東西，本地庫代碼被用於支持核心dalvik庫。
首先：
. build/envsetup.sh
lunch sim-eng
你可以看到
============================================
TARGET_PRODUCT=sim
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng
TARGET_SIMULATOR=true
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=debug
TARGET_ARCH=x86
HOST_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=
============================================
這引導你為桌面vm進行編譯，編譯是基於glibc的。該模式僅僅為實驗用，或許將來會更有用。
你可能看到TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=debug或者 = release或者什麼都沒有，你只要改變lunch命令的參數就可以。
其次，編譯：
make
當完成後，在桌面運行dalvik：
% dalvikvm
E/dalvikvm(19521): ERROR: must specify non-'.' bootclasspath
W/dalvikvm(19521): JNI_CreateJavaVM failed
Dalvik VM init failed (check log file)
為了運行，你必須指定指定引導程序的路徑，指定放解壓jar文件後dex數據的空間。可以這樣做：
#!/bin/sh
# base directory, at top of source tree; replace with absolute path
base=`pwd`
# configure root dir of interesting stuff
root=$base/out/debug/host/linux-x86/product/sim/system
export ANDROID_ROOT=$root
# configure bootclasspath
bootpath=$root/framework
export BOOTCLASSPATH=$bootpath/core.jar:$bootpath/ext.jar:$bootpath/framework.jar:$bootpath/android.policy.jar:$bootpath/services.jar
# this is where we create the dalvik-cache directory; make sure it exists
export ANDROID_DATA=/tmp/dalvik_$USER
mkdir -p $ANDROID_DATA/dalvik-cache
exec dalvikvm $@
准備dx的方式和前面一行：
% cat > Foo.java
class Foo { public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, world");
} }
(ctrl-D)
% javac Foo.java
% dx --dex --output=foo.jar Foo.class
% ./rund -cp foo.jar Foo
Hello, world
你可以獲得參數的幫助通過以下的命令：
% ./rund -help
這也可以顯示vm可用選項參數。模擬“調試”環境有完整的additional assertion，使能檢測功能（導致了vm變慢），但是也因此能測試。
上述所有都是基於x86的，其他的架構還要考慮porting工作，如果libffi支持你的系統，工作量會比較小。
===============================CUT==============================================
source:http://www.netmite.com/android/mydroid/2.0/dalvik/docs/hello-world.html
On an Android device, the Dalvik virtual machine usually executes embedded in the Android application framework. It's also possible to run it directly, just as you would a virtual machine on your desktop system.
After compiling your Java language sources, convert and combine the .class files into a DEX file, and push that to the device. Here's a simple example:
% echo 'class Foo {'\
> 'public static void main(String[] args) {'\
> 'System.out.println("Hello, world"); }}' > Foo.java
% javac Foo.java
% dx --dex --output=foo.jar Foo.class
% adb push foo.jar /sdcard
% adb shell dalvikvm -cp /sdcard/foo.jar Foo
Hello, world
The -cp option sets the classpath. The initial directory for adb shell may not be what you expect it to be, so it's usually best to specify absolute pathnames.
The dx command accepts lists of individual class files, directories, or Jar archives. When the --output filename ends with .jar, .zip, or .apk, a file called classes.dex is created and stored inside the archive.
Run adb shell dalvikvm -help to see a list of command-line options.
You can debug stand-alone applications with any JDWP-compliant debugger. There are two basic approaches.
The first way is to connect directly through TCP. Add, to the "dalvikvm" invocation line above, an argument like:
-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=8000,server=y,suspend=y
This tells the VM to wait for a debugger to connect to it on TCP port 8000. You need to tell adb to forward local port 8000 to device port 8000:
% adb forward tcp:8000 tcp:8000
and then connect to it with your favorite debugger (using jdb as an example here):
% jdb -attach localhost:8000
When the debugger attaches, the VM will be in a suspended state. You can set breakpoints and then tell it to continue.
You can also connect through DDMS, like you would for an Android application. Add, to the "dalvikvm" command line:
-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=y,server=y
Note the transport has changed, and you no longer need to specify a TCP port number. When your application starts, it will appear in DDMS, with "?" as the application name. Select it in DDMS, and connect to it as usual, e.g.:
% jdb -attach localhost:8700
Because command-line applications don't include the client-side DDM setup, features like thread monitoring and allocation tracking will not be available in DDMS. It's strictly a debugger pass-through in this mode.
See Dalvik Debugger Support for more information about using debuggers with Dalvik.
The Dalvik VM can also be used directly on the desktop. This is somewhat more complicated however, because you won't have certain things set up in your environment, and several native code libraries are required to support the core Dalvik libs.
Start with:
. build/envsetup.sh lunch sim-eng
You should see something like:
============================================ TARGET_PRODUCT=sim TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng TARGET_SIMULATOR=true TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=debug TARGET_ARCH=x86 HOST_ARCH=x86 HOST_OS=linux HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release BUILD_ID= ============================================
This configures you to build for the desktop, linking against glibc. This mode is NOT recommended for anything but experimental use. It may go away in the future.
You may see TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release or =debug or possibly nothing there at all. You may want to replace the lunch command with choosecombo Simulator debug sim eng.
Build the world (add a -j4 if you have multiple cores):
make
When that completes, you have a working dalvikm on your desktop machine:
% dalvikvm E/dalvikvm(19521): ERROR: must specify non-'.' bootclasspath W/dalvikvm(19521): JNI_CreateJavaVM failed Dalvik VM init failed (check log file)
To actually do something, you need to specify the bootstrap class path and give it a place to put DEX data that it uncompresses from jar files. You can do that with a script like this:
#!/bin/sh # base directory, at top of source tree; replace with absolute path base=`pwd` # configure root dir of interesting stuff root=$base/out/debug/host/linux-x86/product/sim/system export ANDROID_ROOT=$root # configure bootclasspath bootpath=$root/framework export BOOTCLASSPATH=$bootpath/core.jar:$bootpath/ext.jar:$bootpath/framework.jar:$bootpath/android.policy.jar:$bootpath/services.jar # this is where we create the dalvik-cache directory; make sure it exists export ANDROID_DATA=/tmp/dalvik_$USER mkdir -p $ANDROID_DATA/dalvik-cache exec dalvikvm $@
The preparation with dx is the same as before:
% cat > Foo.java
class Foo { public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, world");
} }
(ctrl-D)
% javac Foo.java
% dx --dex --output=foo.jar Foo.class
% ./rund -cp foo.jar Foo
Hello, world
As above, you can get some info about valid arguments like this:
% ./rund -help
This also shows what options the VM was configured with. The sim "debug" build has all sorts of additional assertions and checks enabled, which slows the VM down, but since this is just for experiments it doesn't matter.
All of the above applies to x86 Linux. Anything else will likely require a porting effort. If libffi supports your system, the amount of work required should be minor.
Copyright © 2009 The Android Open Source Project