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CentOS 部署flask cms

最近，學習了python，但是苦於沒任何編程經驗，沒有辦法實踐，所以准備自己打一個python框架的網站來玩一玩，鞏固鞏固知識~ 參考了網上各位給的初學者的意見最後選擇了flask比較適合初學者的web框架所以就找到了這個項目：https://github.com/quokkaproject/quokka 好了，開始搭建 1、運行環境我的系統環境虛擬機 system: CentOS release 6.4 (Final) kernel: 2.6.32-504.23.4.el6.x86_64 Memory: 997MB i 下載安裝新版的Python

[root@linux2 tmp]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tgz
...
[root@linux2 tmp]# tar zxf Python-2.7.10.tgz
[root@linux2 tmp]# cd Python-2.7.10
[root@linux2 Python-2.7.10]# ./configure
[root@linux2 Python-2.7.10]# make && make install
ii 安裝python-pip與virtualenv

[root@linux2 tmp]# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-7.1.2.tar.gz #下載pip源碼包
[root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py #下載安裝腳本
[root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# python get-pip.py  #會更新安裝setuptools、wheel等包
[root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# pip install virtualenv

iii 更新新版git linux自帶的git版本太低，後續用到的命令參數不支持，所以這裡更新一下git命令

[root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# yum clean all
[root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
[root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# rpm -i http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
[root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# yum --enablerepo=rpmforge-extras update git

2、安裝mongodb

[root@linux2 tmp]# curl -O  https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.tgz
[root@linux2 tmp]# tar zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.tgz 
[root@linux2 tmp]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6 /usr/local/mongodb
[root@linux2 mongodb]# vim /etc/mongodb.conf
port=10101
dbpath=/data/db/data
logpath=/data/db/log/mongodb.log
logappend=true  #日志追加非覆蓋
fork=true  #後台運行
[root@linux2 mongodb]# mkdir -p /data/db/data /data/db/log #創建數據文件夾與日志文件夾
[root@linux2 mongodb]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongodb.conf #啟動mongodb,注意內存要富裕

標注：mongo數據庫操作寫入數據既創建數據庫，所以這裡不需要單獨創建數據庫，只要有程序去寫入數據庫，它就會去新建一個數據庫 3、安裝配置quokka

[root@linux2 ~]# virtualenv -p /usr/local/bin/python2.7 quokka-env #指定python版本的絕對路徑
[root@linux2 ~]# source quokka-env/bin/activate   #需要退出vir環境可用deactivate命令（不加參數）
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 www]# git clone https://github.com/quokkaproject/quokka --branch development --single-branch #只獲取這個分支的內容，
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 www]# cd quokka/quokka/
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# cp example.local_settings.py local_settings.py 
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# vim local_settings.py #配置mongodb數據庫
...
MONGODB_DB = "quokka_db"
MONGODB_HOST = 'localhost'
MONGODB_PORT = 10101
MONGODB_USERNAME = None   #這裡我的數據庫就在本地，所以我可以不設置密碼
MONGODB_PASSWORD = None
...
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# cd ..
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# pip install -r requirements/requirements.txt 讀取txt中的安裝包列表

創建管理員和運行quokka i 創建一個超級管理員 (需要登錄管理界面) $ python manage.py accounts_createsuperuser [email protected] P4$$W0Rd ii 填充示例數據 (可選，如果你想要示例數據) $ python manage.py populate credentials for /admin will be email: [email protected] passwd: admin iii 運行測試 $ python manage.py runserver --host 0.0.0.0 --port 5000 Site on http://localhost:5000 Admin on http://localhost:5000/admin 至此，quokka部分安裝成功~如遇其他頁面不正常顯示等問題，可以詢問項目負責人：https://github.com/quokkaproject/quokka/issues 接下來，安裝http server 4、配置nginx+Gunicorn 裸著用flask內置的web（上條命令）來跑web也可以，但是畢竟不是專業的web server，建議還是用主流web server,我這裡選用的為nginx。關於python的其他部署方法，可參考這裡：http://lutaf.com/141.htm i 下載並安裝配置nginx 如果要nginx支持谷歌性能模塊，需要先安裝google-perftools 下載鏈接: http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/libunwind #libunwind庫為基於64位CPU和操作系統的程序提供了基本函數調用鏈和函數調用寄存器功能 http://https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools/releases #google性能庫安裝libunwind

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# tar zxf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz 
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# cd libunwind-1.1
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 libunwind-1.1]# CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure 
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 libunwind-1.1]# make CFLAGS=-fPIC
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 libunwind-1.1]# make CFLAGS=-fPIC install

安裝google-perftools

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# wget  https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools/releases/download/gperftools-2.4/gperftools-2.4.tar.gz
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 gperftools-2.4]# ./configure
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 gperftools-2.4]# make && make install
為google-perftools添加線程目錄

[root@localhost home]#mkdir /tmp/tcmalloc  
[root@localhost home]#chmod 0777 /tmp/tcmalloc

安裝nginx

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 nginx]# yum install -y gcc-c++ gcc automake autoconf libtool make
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# curl -O http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz  #下載最新穩定版nginx
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz 
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# cd nginx-1.8.0
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 nginx-1.8.0]# groupadd www
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 nginx-1.8.0]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www www
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 nginx-1.8.0]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module  --with-google_perftools_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_sub_module 
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 nginx-1.8.0]# make && make install
nginx編譯模塊說明:
--with-http_stub_status_module: 提供查看服務器統計信息的能力
--with-http_ssl_module: 支持 HTTPS/SSL
--with-http_gzip_static_module: 提供預壓縮的靜態文件
--with-google_perftools_module: 支持 Google 性能工具
--with-http_sub_module: 可以替換頁面中的文本

配置nginx

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 conf]# vim nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc; #增加線程目錄
events {
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
include   mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
sendfileon;
keepalive_timeout  65;
upstream quokka {
server unix:/tmp/quokka.sock fail_timeout=0;
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
return 444;  #當請求不匹配server_name 返回http code 444
}
server { #配置沒有主機頭
    listen       80;
    server_name  *.eason.wang;
    return       301 https:/eason.wang$request_uri;
}
server {
listen   80;
client_max_body_size 4G;
server_name  eason.wang; #server name 也就是你的域名
keepalive_timeout 5;
root /data/www/quokka; #暫時沒搞明白為什麼要配置這個路徑
location / {
try_files $uri @proxy_to_app;
}
location @proxy_to_app {
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_pass   http://quokka;
}
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
}
}

安裝配置gunicorn 一個python WSGI的HTTP Server,具體我也不知道該怎麼說.可以參考官網

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 logs]# pip install gunicorn
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# cd /data/www/quokka/
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# vim start_gunicorn.sh  #啟動腳本
#!/bin/bash
NAME='quokka'   #應用的名稱
FLASKDIR=/data/www/quokka  #django項目的目錄
SOCKFILE=/tmp/quokka.sock   #使用這個sock來通信
USER=www #運行此應用的用戶
NUM_WORKERS=3  #gunicorn使用的工作進程數
DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE=wsgi  #wsgi模塊

echo "starting $NAME as `whoami`"
#激活python虛擬運行環境
cd $FLASKDIR
source /root/quokka-env/bin/activate

#啟動flask

exec /root/quokka-env/bin/gunicorn \
--workers $NUM_WORKERS \
-u www \
--bind=unix:$SOCKFILE \
wsgi
運行

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# ./start_gunicorn.sh &

遇到的問題 1、安裝pip時，執行python get-pip.py後成功，但是沒有pip命令。反復確認，執行這條安裝命令並沒有出錯，我想可能是Python版本的問題，因為linux默認是python 2.6.6，而我要使用virtualenv所以我也懶得做環境變量了，所以我用絕對路徑方法指定新版本python重新安裝解決。 [root@linux2 pip-7.1.2]# /usr/local/bin/python2.7 get-pip.py --force-reinstall 2、mongodb遇到要刪除數據庫操作時，刪除命令為下 [root@linux2 shell]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo 127.0.0.1:10101 > use xxx #選擇要刪除的數據庫 > db.dropDatabase() #刪除數據庫 3、當執行pip安裝時報錯“Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ...”時，使用-v參數查看詳細原因並解決。例：

[root@linux2 www]# pip install pyshorteners==0.5.5 -v
Collecting pyshorteners==0.5.5
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyshorteners/
  Starting new HTTPS connection (1): pypi.python.org
  "GET /simple/pyshorteners/ HTTP/1.1" 404 28063
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyshorteners/: 404 Client Error: Not Found - skipping
  1 location(s) to search for versions of pyshorteners:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyshorteners/
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyshorteners/
  "GET /simple/pyshorteners/ HTTP/1.1" 404 28063
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyshorteners/: 404 Client Error: Not Found - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pyshorteners==0.5.5 (from versions: )
Cleaning up...
No matching distribution found for pyshorteners==0.5.5
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 211, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 305, in run
wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 705, in build
self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 334, in prepare_files
functools.partial(self._prepare_file, finder))
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 321, in _walk_req_to_install
more_reqs = handler(req_to_install)
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 461, in _prepare_file
req_to_install.populate_link(finder, self.upgrade)
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 250, in populate_link
self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/index.py", line 571, in find_requirement
'No matching distribution found for %s' % req
DistributionNotFound: No matching distribution found for pyshorteners==0.5.5

通過上邊可以看到，獲取連接404了，所以我們來驗證下是真的404還是pip有問題，可以直接訪問web或者使用curl來驗證 (quokka-env)[root@linux2 www]# curl -I https://pypi.python.org/simple/pyshorteners/ HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found 頁面404就屬於項目負責人在調整頁面或者撤銷的問題了。如果想盡快解決，在github搜索該項目，一般README文檔會有本地怎麼安裝。 4、解決nginx啟動時報錯

nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libprofiler.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libunwind.so.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

以上兩個錯誤均屬於因為目前是64位操作系統導致的，解決方法即為找到兩個lib文件，將它們軟連接到/usr/lib64

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 ~]# whereis libprofiler.so.0 libunwind.so.8 #找到兩個lib文件位置
libprofiler.so: /usr/lib64/libprofiler.so.0 /usr/local/lib/libprofiler.so.0 /usr/local/lib/libprofiler.so
libunwind.so: /usr/lib64/libunwind.so.8 /usr/local/lib/libunwind.so.8 /usr/local/lib/libunwind.so
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libprofiler.so.0 /usr/lib64/
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libunwind.so.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
(quokka-env)[root@linux2 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libunwind.so.8 /usr/lib64/

5、解決指定gunicorn -u 沒有權限問題

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 quokka]# gunicorn -u www --workers 3 --bind unix:/tmp/quokka.sock -m 007 wsgi
[2015-09-24 10:53:57 +0000] [28230] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.3.0
[2015-09-24 10:53:57 +0000] [28230] [INFO] Listening at: unix:/tmp/quokka.sock (28230)
[2015-09-24 10:53:57 +0000] [28230] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2015-09-24 10:53:57 +0000] [28235] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 28235
[2015-09-24 10:53:57 +0000] [28235] [ERROR] Exception in worker process:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
  File "/data/www/quokka/wsgi.py", line 4, in <module>
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
ImportError: No module named werkzeug.serving
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
  File "/data/www/quokka/wsgi.py", line 4, in <module>
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
ImportError: No module named werkzeug.serving
[2015-09-24 10:53:57 +0000] [28235] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 28235)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/quokka-env/bin/gunicorn", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(run())
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 74, in run
WSGIApplication("%(prog)s [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]").run()
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 189, in run
super(Application, self).run()
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 72, in run
Arbiter(self).run()
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 174, in run
self.manage_workers()
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 477, in manage_workers
self.spawn_workers()
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 541, in spawn_workers
time.sleep(0.1 * random.random())
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 214, in handle_chld
self.reap_workers()
  File "/root/quokka-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 459, in reap_workers
raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3>

根據執行的命令和堆棧跟蹤來看，基本上確定兩個錯誤信息： ImportError: No module named werkzeug.serving導入模塊錯誤，檢查是不是模塊問題。大面積的File "/root ..."，env文件夾在/root賬號下要檢查www賬號是不是有權限問題。下面檢查這兩個錯誤：

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Sep 21 2015, 17:31:07) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from werkzeug.serving import run_simple

沒有報錯，看來模塊是沒有問題的

(quokka-env)[root@linux2 tmp]# gunicorn --workers 3 --bind unix:/tmp/quokka.sock -m 007 wsgi       
[2015-09-24 11:36:19 +0000] [28350] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.3.0
[2015-09-24 11:36:19 +0000] [28350] [INFO] Listening at: unix:/tmp/quokka.sock (28350)
[2015-09-24 11:36:19 +0000] [28350] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2015-09-24 11:36:19 +0000] [28355] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 28355
[2015-09-24 11:36:19 +0000] [28356] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 28356
[2015-09-24 11:36:19 +0000] [28357] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 28357

去掉-u www可以正常啟動，那麼看來就是權限惹的問題~ 解決方法： [root@linux2 /]# ll ... drwxr-----. 14 root root 4096 9月 23 19:50 root ... [root@linux2 /]# chmod g+x root 這裡為什麼要加屬組的執行權限，是因為我們執行gunicorn命令的權限是當前用戶和當前用戶組（可以通過-g改變）,而我們改變了啟動的用戶為www，所以它會嘗試用www用戶權限，www沒有這個權限，它又會去嘗試當前用戶組權限（既root組），所以要給root組有執行權限即可

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