Debian網絡設置腳本
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
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"""
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網絡設置腳本
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在debian wheezy環境下測試通過
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依賴命令：ip, iw, wpa_supplicant, wpa_cli, dhclient
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注意：
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- /etc/network/interfaces裡面僅保留lo設備配置
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- 與Gnome Network Manager/Wicd是否沖突未知
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"""
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__author__ = 'M@llon'
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__version__ = ''
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import json
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import os
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import sys
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import traceback
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import net
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def test(v):
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test.result = v
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return v
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def connect_wireless(interface_name):
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"""
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連接無線
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"""
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ssid = None
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while True:
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ssid = input('Enter SSID, RETURN to scan: ')
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if not ssid:
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for s in net.get_ssids(interface_name):
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print(' %s' % s)
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else:
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break
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sec = input('Select security method Open/WEP/WPA [0,1,2]: ')
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if sec == '0':
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net.connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid)
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elif sec == '1':
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keys = input('Enter comma separated keys: ').split(',')
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net.connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys)
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elif sec == '2':
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key = input('Enter key: ')
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net.connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key)
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def setup_ip_gateway_dns(interface_name):
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"""
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手工設置IP地址、默認網關和DNS
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"""
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if test(input('Enter comma separated ip addresses: ')):
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ip_addresses = test.result.split(',')
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net.set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses)
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if test(input('Enter gateway address: ')):
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ip_address = test.result
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net.set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address)
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if test(input('Enter comma separated dns addresses: ')):
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name_servers = test.result.split(',')
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net.set_name_servers(name_servers)
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def load_presets(interfaces):
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"""
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加載預設
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"""
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presets_filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), 'net-config-presets.json')
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with open(presets_filename, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
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presets = json.load(fp)
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for n in presets:
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print(' %s' % n)
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preset_name = input('Enter preset name: ')
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preset = presets.get(preset_name)
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if not preset:
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return
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# 首先清理當前設置
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net.cleanup_all(interfaces)
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# 設置網絡接口
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ifaces = preset.get('interfaces')
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for if_name in ifaces:
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iface = ifaces[if_name]
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# 啟用接口
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net.enable_interface(if_name)
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# 連接無線網
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ssid = iface.get('ssid')
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if ssid:
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sec = iface.get('security')
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if not sec:
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net.connect_wireless(if_name, ssid)
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elif sec == 'wep':
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keys = iface.get('keys')
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if keys:
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net.connect_wireless_with_wep(if_name, ssid, keys)
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elif sec == 'wpa':
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key = iface.get('key')
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if key:
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net.connect_wireless_with_wpa(if_name, ssid, key)
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# 設置IP地址
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ip_addresses = iface.get('ip_addresses')
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if ip_addresses == 'dynamic':
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# 多個接口的DHCP，後者可能會覆蓋前者
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net.set_dhcp(if_name)
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elif isinstance(ip_addresses, list):
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net.set_ip_addresses(if_name, ip_addresses)
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# 設置默認路由，可能會覆蓋DHCP設置
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default_route = preset.get('default_route')
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if default_route:
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route_if_name = default_route.get('interface_name')
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route_ip_addr = default_route.get('ip_address')
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if route_if_name and route_ip_addr:
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net.set_default_route(route_if_name, route_ip_addr)
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# 設置DNS，可能會覆蓋DHCP設置
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name_servers = preset.get('name_servers')
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if name_servers:
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net.set_name_servers(name_servers)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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# 提升到root權限
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if os.geteuid():
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args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv
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# 下面兩種寫法，一種使用su，一種使用sudo，都可以
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#os.execlp('su', 'su', '-c', ' '.join(args))
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os.execlp('sudo', 'sudo', *args)
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# 顯示根菜單
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while True:
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try:
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interfaces = net.get_interfaces()
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os.system('clear')
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net.print_state(interfaces, net.get_default_route(), net.get_name_servers())
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except Exception as ex:
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traceback.print_exc()
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break
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print('Root Menu:')
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print(' 0 - Quit')
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print(' 1 - cleanup all settings')
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print(' 2 - enable interface')
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print(' 3 - disable interface')
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print(' 4 - connect interface')
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print(' 5 - disconnect interface')
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print(' 6 - setup ip, gateway and dns using dhcp')
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print(' 7 - setup ip, gateway and dns manually')
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print(' 8 - load presets')
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print()
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try:
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choice = input('Enter your choice: ')
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if choice == '0':
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break
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elif choice == '1':
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if input('Are you sure? [y/n]: ').lower() == 'y':
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net.cleanup_all(interfaces)
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elif choice in ('2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7'):
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name = input('Enter interface name: ')
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if name in interfaces:
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if choice == '2':
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if not interfaces[name]['enabled']:
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net.enable_interface(name)
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elif choice == '3':
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if interfaces[name]['enabled']:
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if interfaces[name]['connected'] and interfaces[name]['wireless']:
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net.disconnect_wireless(name)
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net.disable_interface(name)
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elif choice == '4':
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if interfaces[name]['enabled'] and interfaces[name]['wireless'] and (
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not interfaces[name]['connected']):
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connect_wireless(name)
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elif choice == '5':
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if interfaces[name]['connected'] and interfaces[name]['wireless']:
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net.disconnect_wireless(name)
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elif choice == '6':
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if interfaces[name]['connected']:
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net.set_dhcp(name)
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elif choice == '7':
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setup_ip_gateway_dns(name)
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elif choice == '8':
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load_presets(interfaces)
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except KeyboardInterrupt as ex:
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print()
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break
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except Exception as ex:
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traceback.print_exc()
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input('Press any key to continue...')
net.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
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"""
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常用網絡命令的python封裝
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"""
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__author__ = 'M@llon'
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__version__ = ''
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import os
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import re
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def test(v):
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test.result = v
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return v
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def get_interfaces():
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"""
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獲取所有網絡接口信息
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遇到任何錯誤均拋出異常
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"""
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interfaces = dict()
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# 獲取接口名、索引號、啟停狀態、連接狀態、硬件地址、IPv4地址
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for line in os.popen('ip -o addr show'):
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if test(re.match('^(\d+):\s+(\w+):\s+<(.+?)>\s+.+?state\s+(\w+)\s+.+?link/(\w+)\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$', line)):
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m = test.result
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# 這些標記的含義參見“/linux/if.h”中的“IFF_...”宏
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flags = m.group(3).split(',')
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# 去掉回環接口
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if 'LOOPBACK' in flags:
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continue
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interfaces[m.group(2)] = {
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'index': int(m.group(1)),
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'enabled': 'UP' in flags,
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'connected': {'UP': True, 'DOWN': False}.get(m.group(4)),
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'hardware_address': m.group(6),
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'wireless': False,
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'ip_addresses': list()
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}
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elif test(re.match('^\d+:\s+(\w+)\s+inet\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$', line)):
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m = test.result
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name = m.group(1)
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interface = interfaces.get(name)
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if not interface:
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# 此處就排除了上面去掉的接口，例如loopback接口
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continue
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interface['ip_addresses'].append(m.group(2))
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# 獲取無線類型的接口
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for line in os.popen('iw dev'):
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if test(re.match('^\s+Interface\s+(\w+)\s*?\n$', line)):
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# 接口是否為wireless
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interfaces[test.result.group(1)]['wireless'] = True
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# 獲取無線類型的接口的連接信息
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for name in interfaces:
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interface = interfaces[name]
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if interface['wireless']:
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for line in os.popen('iw dev %s link' % name):
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# 此處也可以通過“Connected ...”行判斷是否已連接，但是上面已經判斷了
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if test(re.match('^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$', line)):
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# 獲取SSID
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interface['ssid'] = test.result.group(1)
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return interfaces
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def get_default_route():
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"""
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獲取默認路由信息
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"""
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default_route = None
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for line in os.popen('ip route show'):
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if test(re.match('^\s*default\s+via\s+(\S+)\s+dev\s+(\S+)\s*\n$', line)):
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m = test.result
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default_route = {
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'ip_address': m.group(1),
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'interface_name': m.group(2)
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}
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break
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return default_route
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def get_name_servers():
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"""
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獲取域名服務器IP地址列表
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"""
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name_servers = list()
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for line in open('/etc/resolv.conf'):
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if test(re.match('^\s*nameserver\s+(\S+)\s*\n$', line)):
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name_servers.append(test.result.group(1))
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return name_servers
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def print_state(interfaces, default_route, name_servers):
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"""
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打印所有網絡接口、路由以及DNS信息
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"""
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# 網絡接口
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print('Network Interfaces:')
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print(' %10s %8s %17s %s' % (
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'name',
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'type',
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'mac address',
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'state',
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))
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print(' ---------- -------- ----------------- -----')
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for name in interfaces:
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interface = interfaces[name]
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state = list()
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if interface['enabled']:
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state.append('enabled')
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if interface['connected']:
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state.append('connected')
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if test(interface.get('ssid')):
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state.append('ssid:%s' % test.result)
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if len(interface['ip_addresses']):
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state.append('ip:%s' % ','.join(interface['ip_addresses']))
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print(' %10s %8s %17s %s' % (
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name,
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'wireless' if interface['wireless'] else 'wired',
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interface['hardware_address'],
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', '.join(state) if len(state) else 'N/A'
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))
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print()
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# 默認路由
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print('Default Gateway:')
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if default_route:
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print(' ---> %s ---> %s' % (default_route['interface_name'], default_route['ip_address']))
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else:
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print(' N/A')
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print()
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# DNS
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print('DNS:')
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if len(name_servers):
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print(' %s' % ', '.join(name_servers))
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else:
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print(' N/A')
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print()
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def cleanup_all(interfaces):
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"""
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清理網絡接口所有的設置、默認路由以及DNS
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"""
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# 結束“supplicant”進程
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os.system('killall wpa_supplicant')
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# 禁用所有網絡接口，刪除所有IP地址以及路由
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for name in interfaces:
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os.system('ip link set %s down' % name)
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os.system('ip addr flush %s' % name)
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# 刪除所有DNS地址
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open('/etc/resolv.conf', 'w').close()
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def enable_interface(interface_name):
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"""
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啟用網絡接口
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"""
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os.system('ip link set %s up' % interface_name)
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def disable_interface(interface_name):
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"""
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禁用網絡接口
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"""
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os.system('ip link set %s down' % interface_name)
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def get_ssids(interface_name):
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"""
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掃描SSID
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"""
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ssids = list()
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for line in os.popen('iw dev %s scan' % interface_name):
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if test(re.match('^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$', line)):
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ssids.append(test.result.group(1))
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return ssids
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def connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid):
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"""
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連接非加密的無線網
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"""
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os.system('iw dev %s connect -w %s' % (interface_name, ssid))
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def connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys):
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"""
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連接WEP加密的無線網
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"""
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os.system('iw dev %s connect -w %s key %s' % (interface_name, ssid, ' '.join(keys)))
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def connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key):
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"""
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連接WPA加密的無線網
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"""
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os.system(
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'wpa_supplicant -i %s -D nl80211,wext -s -B -P /var/run/wpa_supplicant.%s.pid -C /var/run/wpa_supplicant' % (
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interface_name, interface_name
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))
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os.system('wpa_cli -i %s add_network' % interface_name)
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os.system('wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 ssid \'"%s"\'' % (interface_name, ssid))
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os.system('wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK' % interface_name)
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os.system('wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 psk \'"%s"\'' % (interface_name, key))
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os.system('wpa_cli -i %s enable_network 0' % interface_name)
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def disconnect_wireless(interface_name):
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"""
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關閉無線連接
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"""
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pattern = '^\s*\S+\s+(\S+)\s+.+?wpa_supplicant.%s.pid.+?\n$' % interface_name
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for line in os.popen('ps aux'):
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if test(re.match(pattern, line)):
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pid = test.result.group(1)
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os.system('kill -9 %s' % pid)
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os.system('iw dev %s disconnect' % interface_name)
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def set_dhcp(interface_name):
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"""
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使用DHCP設置接口
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"""
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os.system('dhclient -r %s' % interface_name)
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os.system('dhclient %s' % interface_name)
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def set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses):
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"""
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設置某網絡接口的IP地址
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"""
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os.system('ip addr flush %s' % interface_name)
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for ip_address in ip_addresses:
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os.system('ip addr add %s dev %s' % (ip_address, interface_name))
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def set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address):
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"""
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設置默認路由
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"""
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os.system('ip route del default')
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os.system('ip route add default via %s dev %s' % (ip_address, interface_name))
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def set_name_servers(name_servers):
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"""
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設置域名服務器地址
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"""
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with open('/etc/resolv.conf', 'w') as fp:
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for name_server in name_servers:
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fp.write('nameserver %s%s' % (name_server, os.linesep))
