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Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13(FastCGI)搭建勝過Apache十倍的Web服務器(第6版)

 Nginx ("engine x") 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服務器,也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服務器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯訪問量第二的 Rambler.ru 站點開發的,它已經在該站點運行超過三年了。Igor 將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發布。

  Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和穩定性,使得國內使用 Nginx 作為 Web 服務器的網站也越來越多,其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、網易新聞、騰訊網、搜狐博客等門戶網站頻道,六間房、56.com等視頻分享網站,Discuz!官方論壇、水木社區等知名論壇,盛大在線、金山逍遙網等網絡游戲網站,豆瓣、人人網、YUPOO相冊、金山愛詞霸、迅雷在線等新興Web 2.0網站。



  Nginx 的官方中文維基:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs



  在高並發連接的情況下,Nginx是Apache服務器不錯的替代品。Nginx同時也可以作為7層負載均衡服務器來使用。根據我的測試結果,Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3萬以上的並發連接數,相當於同等環境下Apache的10倍

  根據我的經驗,4GB內存的服務器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能處理3000個並發連接,因為它們將占用3GB以上的內存,還得為系統預留1GB的內存。我曾經就有兩台Apache服務器,因為在配置文件中設置的MaxClients為4000,當Apache並發連接數達到3800時,導致服務器內存和Swap空間用滿而崩潰。

  而這台 Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服務器在3萬並發連接下,開啟的10個Nginx進程消耗150M內存(15M*10=150M),開啟的64個php-cgi進程消耗1280M內存(20M*64=1280M),加上系統自身消耗的內存,總共消耗不到2GB內存。如果服務器內存較小,完全可以只開啟25個php-cgi進程,這樣php-cgi消耗的總內存數才500M。

  在3萬並發連接下,訪問Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服務器的PHP程序,仍然速度飛快。下圖為Nginx的狀態監控頁面,顯示的活動連接數為28457(關於Nginx的監控頁配置,會在本文接下來所給出的Nginx配置文件中寫明):

  



  我生產環境下的兩台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服務器,跑多個一般復雜的純PHP動態程序,單台Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服務器跑PHP動態程序的處理能力已經超過“700次請求/秒”,相當於每天可以承受6000萬(700*60*60*24=60480000)的訪問量(更多信息見此),而服務器的系統負載也不高:

  

  2009年9月3日下午2:30,金山游戲《劍俠情緣網絡版三》臨時維護1小時(http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml),大量玩家上官網,論壇、評論、客服等動態應用Nginx服務器集群,每台服務器的Nginx活動連接數達到2.8萬,這是筆者遇到的Nginx生產環境最高並發值。

  

下面是用100個並發連接分別去壓生產環境中同一負載均衡器VIP下、提供相同服務的兩台服務器,一台為Nginx,另一台為Apache,Nginx每秒處理的請求數是Apache的兩倍多,Nginx服務器的系統負載、CPU使用率遠低於Apache:
 
  你可以將連接數開到10000~30000,去壓Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php,這是用浏覽器訪問Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常,而訪問Apache服務器的phpinfo.php,則是該頁無法顯示。4G內存的服務器,即使再優化,Apache也很難在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的壓力情況下正常訪問,而調整參數優化後的Nginx可以。
 
  webbench 下載地址:http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
 
  注意:webbench 做壓力測試時,該軟件自身也會消耗CPU和內存資源,為了測試准確,請將webbench 安裝在別的服務器上。
 
  測試結果:##### Nginx + PHP #####
 
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
 
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
 
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
 
top - 14:06:13 up 27 days,  2:25,  2 users,  load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total,   4 running, 283 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us,  6.7% sy,  0.0% ni, 41.4% id,  1.1% wa,  0.1% hi,  0.8% si
Mem:   6230016k total,  2959468k used,  3270548k free,   635992k buffers
Swap:  2031608k total,     3696k used,  2027912k free,  1231444k cached
 
 
  測試結果:#####  Apache + PHP #####
 
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
 
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
 
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
 
top - 14:06:20 up 27 days,  2:13,  2 users,  load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total,   7 running, 310 sleeping,   0 stopped,   1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy,  0.0% ni,  7.9% id,  0.1% wa,  0.1% hi,  0.9% si
Mem:   6230016k total,  3075948k used,  3154068k free,   379896k buffers
Swap:  2031608k total,    12592k used,  2019016k free,  1117868k cached
 
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  為什麼Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多?這得益於Nginx使用了最新的epoll(Linux 2.6內核)和kqueue(freebsd)網絡I/O模型,而Apache則使用的是傳統的select模型。目前Linux下能夠承受高並發訪問的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll網絡I/O模型。
 
  處理大量的連接的讀寫,Apache所采用的select網絡I/O模型非常低效。下面用一個比喻來解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型進行之間的區別:
 
  假設你在大學讀書,住的宿捨樓有很多間房間,你的朋友要來找你。select版宿管大媽就會帶著你的朋友挨個房間去找,直到找到你為止。而epoll版宿管大媽會先記下每位同學的房間號,你的朋友來時,只需告訴你的朋友你住在哪個房間即可,不用親自帶著你的朋友滿大樓找人。如果來了10000個人,都要找自己住這棟樓的同學時,select版和epoll版宿管大媽,誰的效率更高,不言自明。同理,在高並發服務器中,輪詢I/O是最耗時間的操作之一,select和epoll的性能誰的性能更高,同樣十分明了。
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  安裝步驟:
  (系統要求:Linux 2.6+ 內核,本文中的Linux操作系統為CentOS 5.3,另在RedHat AS4上也安裝成功)
 
  一、獲取相關開源程序:
  1、【適用CentOS操作系統】利用CentOS Linux系統自帶的yum命令安裝、升級所需的程序庫(RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包,進行安裝):
 
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
 
 
  2、【適用RedHat操作系統】RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包(事先可通過類似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是“xxx-devel”不存在,需要安裝)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安裝,以下是RPM包下載網址:
  ①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
 
  ②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
 
  ③、RPM包搜索網站
  http://rpm.pbone.net/
  http://www.rpmfind.net/
 
  ④、RedHat AS4 系統環境,通常情況下缺少的支持包安裝:
  Ⅰ、i386 系統
 
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
 
  Ⅱ、x86_64 系統
 
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
 
 
  3、【適用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系統】下載程序源碼包:
  本文中提到的所有開源軟件為截止到2010年07月26日的最新穩定版。
  ①、從軟件的官方網站下載:
 
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
 
  ②、從blog.s135.com下載(比較穩定,只允許在本站,或者在Linux/Unix下通過Wget、Curl等命令下載以下軟件):
 
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
 
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  二、安裝PHP 5.2.14(FastCGI模式)
  1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.14所需的支持庫:
 
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
 
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
 
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
 
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.5.3-m3
 
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  附:以下為附加步驟,如果你想在這台服務器上運行MySQL數據庫,則執行以下幾步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫,能夠連接其他服務器上的MySQL數據庫,那麼,以下兩步無需執行。
 
  ①、創建MySQL數據庫存放目錄
 
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
 
 
  ②、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表:
 
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql
 
 
  ③、創建my.cnf配置文件:
 
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
 
  輸入以下內容:
 
引用
[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit    = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
 
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
 
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
 
#master-host     =   192.168.1.2
#master-user     =   username
#master-password =   password
#master-port     =  3306
 
server-id = 1
 
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
 
#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
 
 
  ④、創建管理MySQL數據庫的shell腳本:
 
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
 
  輸入以下內容(這裡的用戶名admin和密碼12345678接下來的步驟會創建):
 
#!/bin/sh
 
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
 
function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
 
function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
 
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}
 
function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
 
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
 
  ⑤、賦予shell腳本可執行權限:
 
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
 
 
  ⑥、啟動MySQL:
 
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
 
 
  ⑦、通過命令行登錄管理MySQL服務器(提示輸入密碼時直接回車):
 
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
 
 
  ⑧、輸入以下SQL語句,創建一個具有root權限的用戶(admin)和密碼(12345678):
 
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
 
 
  ⑨、(可選)停止MySQL:
 
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  3、編譯安裝PHP(FastCGI模式)
 
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
 
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
 
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
 
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
 
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
 
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
 
 
 
  5、修改php.ini文件
  手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
  修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
  並在此行後增加以下幾行,然後保存:
  extension = "memcache.so"
  extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
  extension = "imagick.so"
 
  再查找output_buffering = Off
  修改為output_buffering = On
 
  再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
  修改為cgi.fix_pathinfo=0,防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。
 
  自動修改:若嫌手工修改麻煩,可執行以下shell命令,自動完成對php.ini文件的修改:
 
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
 
 
  6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
 
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
 
  按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
 
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
 
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  7、創建www用戶和組,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄:
 
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
 
 
  8、創建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁,可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi):
  在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件:
 
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
 
  輸入以下內容(如果您安裝Nginx + PHP 用於程序調試,請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改為<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便顯示PHP錯誤信息,否則,Nginx 會報狀態為500的空白錯誤頁):
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
 
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
 
  <section name="global_options">
 
    Pid file
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
 
    Error log file
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
 
    Log level
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>
 
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
 
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
 
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
 
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
 
  </section>
 
  <workers>
 
    <section name="pool">
 
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value name="name">default</value>
 
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
 
      <value name="listen_options">
 
        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>
 
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value name="owner"></value>
        <value name="group"></value>
        <value name="mode">0666</value>
      </value>
 
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">0</value>
      </value>
 
      Unix user of processes
      <value name="user">www</value>
 
      Unix group of processes
      <value name="group">www</value>
 
      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">
 
        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        <value name="style">static</value>
 
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">128</value>
 
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        <value name="apache_like">
 
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>
 
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
 
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
 
        </value>
 
      </value>
 
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
 
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
 
      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
 
      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
 
      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
 
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>
 
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>
 
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
 
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value name="max_requests">1024</value>
 
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
 
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>
 
    </section>
 
  </workers>
 
</configuration>
  9、啟動php-cgi進程,監聽127.0.0.1的9000端口,進程數為128(如果服務器內存小於3GB,可以只開啟64個進程),用戶為www:
 
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
 
  注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini後不重啟php-cgi,重新加載配置文件使用reload。
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  三、安裝Nginx 0.8.46
  1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫:
 
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
 
 
  2、安裝Nginx
 
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
 
 
  3、創建Nginx日志目錄
 
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
 
 
  4、創建Nginx配置文件
  ①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件:
 
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 
  輸入以下內容:
 
引用
user  www www;
 
worker_processes 8;
 
error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
 
pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
 
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
 
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
 
http
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
  #charset  gb2312;
     
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
     
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;
 
  keepalive_timeout 60;
 
  tcp_nodelay on;
 
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
 
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
 
  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;
 
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  blog.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/blog;
 
    #limit_conn   crawler  20;   
                             
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {     
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
   
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }
 
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }   
 
    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
      }
 
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/www;
 
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {     
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
 
    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }
 
  server
  {
    listen  80;
    server_name  status.blog.s135.com;
 
    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
  }
}
 
 
  ②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件:
 
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
 
  輸入以下內容:
 
引用
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
 
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
 
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
 
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
 
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
 
 
  5、啟動Nginx
 
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
 
vi /etc/rc.local
 
  在末尾增加以下內容:
 
引用
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  五、優化Linux內核參數
 
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
 
  在末尾增加以下內容:
 
引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
 
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
 
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
 
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
 
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
 
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535
 
 
  使配置立即生效:
 
/sbin/sysctl -p
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
  1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件後,請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確:
 
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
 
  如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息,說明配置文件正確:
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
 
  2、平滑重啟:
  ①、對於Nginx 0.8.x版本,現在平滑重啟Nginx配置非常簡單,執行以下命令即可:
 
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
 
 
  ②、對於Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本,平滑重啟稍微麻煩一些,按照以下步驟進行即可。輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號:
 
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
 
  屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號,例如:
  6302
  這時,執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效:
 
kill -HUP 6302
 
  或者無需這麼麻煩,找到Nginx的Pid文件:
 
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本
  1、創建腳本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
 
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
 
  輸入以下內容:
 
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
 
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
 
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
 
 
  2、設置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志
 
crontab -e
 
  輸入以下內容:
 
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
 
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  本文若有小的修改,會第一時間在以下網址發布:
  http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  附:文章修改歷史
 
  ●[2010年03月04日] [Version 6.0] 新建
 
  ●[2010年04月16日] [Version 6.1] Nginx版本升級到0.8.35。
 
  ●[2010年05月14日] [Version 6.2] Nginx版本升級到0.8.36。MySQL版本升級到5.5.3-m3,my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、master-connect-retry參數在新版本中不支持,已經注釋掉。
 
  ●[2010年07月26日] [Version 6.3] Nginx版本升級到0.8.46。PHP版本升級到5.2.14。其他軟件也做了相應的升級。開啟php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0,防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。
 
  (全文完)
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