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Linux中如何添加服務

軟件安裝成服務過程詳解:

service httpd restart

由三部分組成service(服務)、httpd(程序名)、restart(相關命令)少一不可

service: 是系統已經定義可的。無需更改。默認會查找/etc/init.d/*

httpd: 程序名這個是已經確定的。

restart: 相關命令,如start 這個是控制程序走向。

那麼非常明確的一個服務需要的流程:

1、程序是可執行程序

2、位置需放在/etc/init.d/目錄下

3、相關命令,這個由程序本身決定(有沒有指定)。

3.1 如果是已經有相關命令的,那麼文件直接拷貝到/etc/init.d目錄下,並給矛可執行權限。

3.2 如果是沒有定義,那我們需要寫一個腳本。並定義好相關命令。

一、看一個sshd實例,來幫助我們了解整體過程。

# vim /etc/init.d/sshd

----------sshd start------------------

#!/bin/bash

#

# Init file for OpenSSH server daemon

#

# chkconfig: 2345 55 25

# description: OpenSSH server daemon

#

# processname: sshd

# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub

# config: /etc/ssh/ssh_random_seed

# config: /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# pidfile: /var/run/sshd.pid

# source function library

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# pull in sysconfig settings

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/sshd ] && . /etc/sysconfig/sshd

RETVAL=0

prog="sshd"

# Some functions to make the below more readable

KEYGEN=/usr/bin/ssh-keygen

SSHD=/usr/sbin/sshd

RSA1_KEY=/etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

RSA_KEY=/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key

DSA_KEY=/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key

PID_FILE=/var/run/sshd.pid

runlevel=$(set -- $(runlevel); eval "echo \$$#" )

do_rsa1_keygen() {

if [ ! -s $RSA1_KEY ]; then

echo -n $"Generating SSH1 RSA host key: "

if $KEYGEN -q -t rsa1 -f $RSA1_KEY -C '' -N '' >&/dev/null; then

chmod 600 $RSA1_KEY

chmod 644 $RSA1_KEY.pub

if [ -x /sbin/restorecon ]; then

/sbin/restorecon $RSA1_KEY.pub

fi

success $"RSA1 key generation"

echo

else

failure $"RSA1 key generation"

echo

exit 1

fi

fi

}

do_rsa_keygen() {

if [ ! -s $RSA_KEY ]; then

echo -n $"Generating SSH2 RSA host key: "

if $KEYGEN -q -t rsa -f $RSA_KEY -C '' -N '' >&/dev/null; then

chmod 600 $RSA_KEY

chmod 644 $RSA_KEY.pub

if [ -x /sbin/restorecon ]; then

/sbin/restorecon $RSA_KEY.pub

fi

success $"RSA key generation"

echo

else

failure $"RSA key generation"

echo

exit 1

fi

fi

}

do_dsa_keygen() {

if [ ! -s $DSA_KEY ]; then

echo -n $"Generating SSH2 DSA host key: "

if $KEYGEN -q -t dsa -f $DSA_KEY -C '' -N '' >&/dev/null; then

chmod 600 $DSA_KEY

chmod 644 $DSA_KEY.pub

if [ -x /sbin/restorecon ]; then

/sbin/restorecon $DSA_KEY.pub

fi

success $"DSA key generation"

echo

else

failure $"DSA key generation"

echo

exit 1

fi

fi

}

do_restart_sanity_check()

{

$SSHD -t

RETVAL=$?

if [ ! "$RETVAL" = 0 ]; then

failure $"Configuration file or keys are invalid"

echo

fi

}

start()

{

# Create keys if necessary

do_rsa1_keygen

do_rsa_keygen

do_dsa_keygen

cp -af /etc/localtime /var/empty/sshd/etc

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

$SSHD $OPTIONS && success || failure

RETVAL=$?

[ "$RETVAL" = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/sshd

echo

}

stop()

// URL:http://www.bianceng.cn/OS/Linux/201410/45691.htm

{

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

if [ -n "`pidfileofproc $SSHD`" ] ; then

killproc $SSHD

else

failure $"Stopping $prog"

fi

RETVAL=$?

# if we are in halt or reboot runlevel kill all running sessions

# so the TCP connections are closed cleanly

if [ "x$runlevel" = x0 -o "x$runlevel" = x6 ] ; then

killall $prog 2>/dev/null

fi

[ "$RETVAL" = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/sshd

echo

}

reload()

{

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

if [ -n "`pidfileofproc $SSHD`" ] ; then

killproc $SSHD -HUP

else

failure $"Reloading $prog"

fi

RETVAL=$?

echo

}

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

reload)

reload

;;

condrestart)

if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/sshd ] ; then

do_restart_sanity_check

if [ "$RETVAL" = 0 ] ; then

stop

# avoid race

sleep 3

start

fi

fi

;;

status)

status -p $PID_FILE openssh-daemon

RETVAL=$?

;;

*)

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|condrestart|status}"

RETVAL=1

esac

exit $RETVAL

--------------sshd stop---------------------------

煮酒品茶:可以看出來,一些判斷語句和一些執行路徑。以即最下方的獲取相關命令並給予相關執行命令。瞧,一個服務的添加就這麼簡單。測試吧

過程如下:

[root@localhost test]# service test restart

test: unrecognized service

[root@localhost test]# cp test /etc/init.d/

[root@localhost test]# ll /etc/init.d/ |grep test

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    19 Apr 23 11:37 test

[root@localhost test]# service test restart

hello world

#vim /etc/init.d/test

-------------------test start---------------

case "$1" in

start)

echo -n "Starting test: "

~/test/test

echo -n "start is OK"

;;

stop)

echo -n "Shutting stop test: "

killall test

echo -n "stop is OK"

;;

esac

exit

-------------stop-------------------

[root@localhost test]# service test start

Starting test: hello world

start is OK[root@localhost test]# service test stop

Shutting stop test: test: no process killed

煮酒品茶:很簡單的的可以理解,先是放到service能找的著的地方,然後再給它判斷命令如果是start就寫文件正在啟動test中,啟動完後給一個啟動ok的。同理結束直接kill掉他的進程就好了。其它的自由發揮比如:reload、restart等。

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