1. GIT是什麼?
Git是一個分布式版本控制/軟件配置管理軟件，原是Linux內核開發者Linus Torvalds為更好地管理Linux內核開發而設計。
相比CVS/SVN，Git 的優勢：
- 支持離線開發，離線Repository
- 強大的分支功能，適合多個獨立開發者協作
- 速度塊
2.GITHUB是什麼?
GitHub 是一個共享虛擬主機服務，用於存放使用Git版本控制的軟件代碼和內容項目。
3.Linux虛擬機上使用git和github
3.1 注冊github賬號
此步驟比較簡單，無需贅述。
3.2 虛擬機安裝git客戶端
我使用的是CentOS虛擬機，安裝命令如下：
yum install git git-gui
3.3 生成秘鑰對，這樣項目可以push到github上
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "*****@**.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
63:68:68:ad:23:0f:8f:85:4a:cc:67:60:47:9e:7a:fa [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| |
| |
| . |
| o .o . |
| o +o + S |
|+ +o o . . |
| =+++ |
|..=B . |
|..oEo |
+-----------------+
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#
3.4 將.ssh/id_rsa.oub拷貝到GitHub
3.5 測試是否能連接到GitHub
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.252.131)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,192.30.252.131' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa':
Permission denied (publickey).
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#
3.6 設置Git全局用戶配置
# git config --global user.name "Firstname Lastname"
# git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
此處用戶名為自己的實際姓名(自定義的)，而非登錄用戶名
3.7 Git創建一個庫(Create a Repository)
創建完成：
3.8 創建本地新項目倉庫，此步驟可按照上圖GitHub中倉庫創建完成後網頁上的提示執行
# mkdir new-project(*1)
# cd new-project
# git init
# touch README
# git add README
# git commit -m 'first commit'
定義遠程服務器別名origin
# git remote add origin [email protected]:***/new-project.git(*2)
本地和遠程合並，本地默認分支為master
# git push origin master
(*1) 此處的倉庫名必須與3.7中在GitHub中創建的倉庫名相同
(*2) 此處***就是GitHub的用戶名
在執行push操作時，可能會出現如下錯誤：
[root@CentOS vmware]# git push -u origin master
error: The requested URL returned error: 403 while accessing
fatal: HTTP request failed
這是因為GitHub好像只支持ssh的方式訪問倉庫。解決方法如下：
1).vim .git/config
2).將[remote "origin"]部分的url按照如下格式設置：
url = ssh://[email protected]/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
再次執行push操作，結果如下：
[root@CentOS vmware]# git push -u origin master
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa':
Counting objects: 7, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 548 bytes, done.
Total 7 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To ssh://[email protected]/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
[root@CentOS vmware]#
這樣，就將文件上傳到GitHub上了。