對稱加密算法：
DES、IDEA、RC2、RC4、AES、Skipjack ……
非對稱加密算法：
RSA、DSA、DiffieHellman、PKCS、PGP ……
單向的HASH算法屬於報文摘要算法，雖然有些也出自OpenSSL庫。
命令操作：
1、生成普通私鑰：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl genrsa -out privatekey.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ....++++++ .......++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
2、生成帶加密口令的密鑰：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out privatekey.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ............++++++ .....................++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) Enter pass phrase for privatekey.key: Verifying - Enter pass phrase for privatekey.key:
在生成帶加密口令的密鑰時需要自己去輸入密碼。對於為密鑰加密現在提供了一下幾種算法：
-des encrypt the generated key with DES in cbc mode
-des3 encrypt the generated key with DES in ede cbc mode (168 bit key)
-aes128, -aes192, -aes256 encrypt PEM output with cbc aes
去除密鑰的口令：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -in privatekey.key -out
privatekey.key Enter pass phrase for privatekey.key: writing RSA key
通過生成的私鑰去生成證書：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl req -new -x509 -key privatekey.key -out cacert.crt -days 1095
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:beijing
Locality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:beijing
Organization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:wondersoft
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:develop
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:WeiGW
Email Address []:[email protected]
在生成證書的時候需要按照提示輸入一些個人信息。
通過私鑰生成公鑰：
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -in privatekey.key -pubout -out pubkey.key writing RSA key
格式轉換：（證書、私鑰、公鑰）（PEM <——>DER）
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl x509 -in cacert.crt -inform PEM -out cacert.der -outform DER
[weigw@TEST src]$
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -in privatekey.key -inform PEM -out privatekey.der -outform DER
writing RSA key
[weigw@TEST src]$ openssl rsa -pubin -in pubkey.key -inform PEM -pubout -out pubkey.der -outform DER
writing RSA key
從DER格式轉換成PEM格式一樣，就是把inform的格式改成DERoutform的格式改成PEM即可。
下面是一個服務器和客戶端認證的證書、私鑰生成方法：（server.crt、client.crt、ca.crt）
第一步： 生成私鑰
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl genrsa -out server.key 1024 Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus .++++++ .. .........++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024 Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ...++++++ ...... ..........++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl genrsa -out ca.key 1024 Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ....... ..++++++ .........++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [weigw@TEST bin]$
第三步： 申請證書（為請求文件簽名）
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
如果在這步出現錯誤信息：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf I am unable to access the ./demoCA/newcerts directory ./demoCA/newcerts: No such file or directory
[weigw@TEST bin]$
自己手動創建一個CA目錄結構
[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir ./demoCA
[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir demoCA/newcerts
創建個空文件：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/index.txt
向文件中寫入01：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/serial
合並證書文件（crt）和私鑰文件（key）：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ cat client.crt client.key > client.pem [weigw@TEST bin]$ cat server.crt server.key > server.pem
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in client.crt -inkey client.key -out client.p12
Enter Export Password:
Verifying - Enter Export Password:
[weigw@TEST bin]$openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in server.crt -inkey server.key -out server.p12
Enter Export Password:
Verifying - Enter Export Password:
文本化證書：
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl pkcs12 -in client.p12 -out client.txt Enter Import Password:
MAC verified OK
Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
[weigw@TEST bin]$openssl pkcs12 -in server.p12 -out server.txt
Enter Import Password:
MAC verified OK
Enter PEM pass phrase: Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl x509 -in client.crt -noout -text -modulus
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl rsa -in server.key -noout -text -modulus
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl rsa -in server.pub -noout -text -modulus
[weigw@TEST bin]$ openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024