linux查看系統的硬件信息，並不像windows那麼直觀，這裡我羅列了查看系統信息的實用命令，並做了分類，實例解說。
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu Architecture: i686 #cpu架構 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序 CPU(s): 4 #總共有4核 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3Thread(s) per core: 1 #每個cpu核，只能支持一個線程，即不支持超線程 Core(s) per socket: 4 #每個cpu，有4個核 Socket(s): 1 #總共有1一個cpu Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu產商 intel CPU family: 6Model: 42Stepping: 7CPU MHz: 1600.000BogoMIPS: 5986.12Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虛擬化技術 L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 6144K查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個cpu信息，如每個CPU的型號，主頻等。
#cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6model : 42model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz .....
上面輸出的是第一個cpu部分信息，還有3個cpu信息省略了。
free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691Swap: 9536 31 9505這裡的單位是MB，總共的內存是3926MB。 查看內存詳細使用# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4020868 kB MemFree: 230884 kB Buffers: 7600 kB Cached: 454772 kB SwapCached: 836 kB查看內存硬件信息
dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.11SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
....
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
....
Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
....
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0008
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
.....我的主板有4個槽位，只用了一個槽位，上面插了一條4096MB的內存。
# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part /├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home └─sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part
顯示很直觀如果要看硬盤和分區的詳細信息
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00023728 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux /dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended /dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux /dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux
# lspci | grep -i 'eth'02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)查看系統的所有網絡接口
# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:以太網 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
.....
lo Link encap:本地環回
.....或者是ip link show1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff如果要查看某個網絡接口的詳細信息，例如eth0的詳細參數和指標
# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工，全雙工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自適應模式，一般都支持
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默認使用自適應模式
Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
.....
Speed: 100Mb/s #現在網卡的速度是100Mb,網卡使用自適應模式，所以推測路由是100Mb，導致網卡從支持千兆，變成要支持百兆
Duplex: Full #全雙工 .....
Link detected: yes #表示有網線連接，和路由是通的
lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #顯卡00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #聲卡00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #網卡03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更詳細的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv如果要看設備樹:lscpi -t查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios
......
BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
Version: 4.6.5
Release Date: 04/25/2012
.......
BIOS Revision: 4.6......dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到當前的配置，也可以得到系統支持的最大配置，比如說支持的最大內存數等。如果要查看所有有用信息
dmidecode -q裡面包含了很多硬件信息。
本文出自 “夢想照進現實” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://lookingdream.blog.51cto.com/5177800/1828413