*****************************************************************************************************Linux硬盤分區一添加
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
過程簡述
*************************
--添加磁盤
# fdisk -l --查看磁盤情況
# fdisk /dev/sdb --為/dev/sdb設備分區
n --添加分區
p/e --主分區/邏輯分區
w --保存退出
# mkdir /data --創建掛載目錄
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb --格式化磁盤為ext3文件系統# fdisk -l --再次查看磁盤情況
# mount /dev/sdb /data --掛載磁盤到創建的掛載目錄下
# vi /etc/fstab --修改啟動自動掛載項
/dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
*************************
說明
*************************
1、以上操作為精煉總結若如可以看懂下面內容無需浏覽
2、以下簡單列舉兩例細化操作過程。
*****************************************************************************************************
舉例1添加1塊90G磁盤將其分為1個分區
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
查看磁盤情況
*************************
[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux/dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
*************************
磁盤分區
*************************
[root@hyldb /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 11748.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): m
--輸入m查看幫助指令提示
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
--添加新分區
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
--輸入p添加主分區
Partition number (1-4): 1
--填寫分區號
First cylinder (1-11748, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-11748, default 11748):
Using default value 11748
Command (m for help): p
--打印分區列表
Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 11748 94365778+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
--保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
*************************
創建掛載目錄
*************************
[root@hyldb /]# mkdir /data
*************************
格式化磁盤
*************************
[root@hyldb /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb
--格式化sdb1格式成ext3格式文件系統
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
11796480 inodes, 23592960 blocks
1179648 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
720 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 514048+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 65 586 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 587 15665 121122067+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table*************************
掛載磁盤到指定路徑下
*************************
[root@hyldb /]# mount /dev/sdb /data
[root@hyldb /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 112G 4.3G 102G 5% /
/dev/sda1 487M 17M 445M 4% /boot
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb 89G 184M 84G 1% /data
*************************
修改啟動磁盤自動掛載
*************************
[root@xckydb ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb /data ext3 defaults 0 0
~
~
"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
--格式說明
/dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0
要掛載的對象 掛載的目錄 系統類型 文件系統訪問權限 開機後是否檢測 出問題後是否轉儲
*****************************************************************************************************
舉例2
1、添加1塊10G磁盤
2、將其分為六個分區
3、三個主分區分別為2G
4、剩余空間分為擴展分區具體分為兩個邏輯分區分別為1G剩余空間單獨分為一個邏輯分區。
*****************************************************************************************************
*************************
查看磁盤情況
*************************
[root@hyl ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
*************************
為/dev/sdb設備分區
*************************
[root@hyl ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
*************************
創建第一個主分區大小2G
*************************
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
創建第二個主分區大小2G
*************************
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (251-1305, default 251):
Using default value 251
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (251-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
創建第三個主分區大小2G
*************************
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (501-1305, default 501):
Using default value 501
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1305, default 1305): +2048M
*************************
先打印分區列表看一下
*************************
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
*************************
創建擴展分區
*************************
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
Using default value 751
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305):
Using default value 1305
*************************
創建第一個邏輯分區大小1G
*************************
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (751-1305, default 751):
Using default value 751
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): +1024M
*************************
創建第二個邏輯分區大小1G
*************************
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (876-1305, default 876):
Using default value 876
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (876-1305, default 1305): +1024M
*************************
剩余容量創建最後一個邏輯分區
*************************
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1001-1305, default 1001):
Using default value 1001
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1305, default 1305):
Using default value 1305
*************************
打印分區列表
*************************
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
*************************
保存退出
*************************
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
*************************
查看磁盤劃分
*************************
[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
--由此可以看出sdb1、sdb2、sdb3為主分區sdb5、sdb6、sdb7為邏輯分區
*************************
舉例將sdb1格式化為ext3文件系統
*************************
[root@hyl ~]# cd /
[root@hyl /]# mkdir data1
[root@hyl /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
251392 inodes, 502023 blocks
25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15712 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.*************************
舉例為sdb1設置開機自動掛載
*************************
[root@hyl /]# vi /etc/fstab
--設置開機自動掛載
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0
~
~
~
"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written
[root@hyl /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
[root@hyl /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1
Linux硬盤分區（二）：刪除
******************************************************************************************************************************
舉例：對sdb1進行umount
*************************
[root@hyl /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 1.9G 35M 1.8G 2% /data1
[root@hyl /]# umount /data1
[root@hyl /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 9.7G 5.4G 3.9G 59% /
/dev/sda3 35G 17G 17G 50% /home
tmpfs 1006M 0 1006M 0% /dev/shm
[root@hyl /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1306 1827 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 1828 6527 37752750 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
*************************
對第二塊磁盤操作（即/dev/sdb）
*************************
[root@hyl /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 250 2008093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
</span>
*************************
刪除分區：sdb1及其它
*************************
Command (m for help): d
--輸入刪除指令
Partition number (1-7): 1
--輸入刪除的分區號
Command (m for help): p
--打印分區表
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb2 251 500 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 501 750 2008125 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 751 1305 4458037+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 751 875 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 876 1000 1004031 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 1001 1305 2449881 83 Linux
--可以看到sdb1已經被刪除了
--接下來同理，刪除其它分區
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-7): 2
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-7): 3
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-7): 4
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): w
--保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
--現在可以移除磁盤了
