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Solaris 8.0常用命令解釋

Debugging

truss executable

/* Trace doing of given command ( useful debugging ) */

truss -f -p <pid of a shell>

/* Using multiple windows, this can be used to trace setuid/setgid programs */

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Arp, ethernet trouble shooting

arp -a .

/* Shows the ethernet address arp table */

arp -d myhost

/* Delete a stale ethernet entry for host myhost */

Disk Commands

du -k .

/* Reports disk space used in Kilobytes */

du -sk .

/* Reports only total disk space used in Kilobytes */

du -ad /var | sort -nr

/* Tells you how big the /var files are in reverse order */

fdformat -d -U

/* Format diskette */

/usr/bin/iostat -E

/* Command to display drives statistics */

/bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom

/* Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM */

prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2

/* Disk geometry and partitioning info */

quot -af

/* How much space is used by users in kilobytes */

Driver Parameters

ndd /dev/ip \?

/* Shows IP variables in the kernel */

ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding

/* Tells you if forwarding is on (=1) */

ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1

/* Enables IP forwarding between interfaces */

File Manipulation

dos2unix | -ascii <filename>

/* Converts DOS file formats to Unix */

split

/* Split files into pieces */

[vi] : %s/existing/new/g

/* Search and Replace text in vi */

[vi] :set nu

/* Set line numbers in vi */

[vi] :set ts=[num]

/* Set tab stops in vi */

File System

cat /dev/null > filename

/* Zero's out the file without breaking pipe */

dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096

/* Make a mirror image of your boot disk */

df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount

/* Unmount all file systems in disk group dg */

fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

/* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0 */

fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

/* Check answering yes to all questions */

fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0

/* Check using an alternate super block */

gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf -

/* Unpack .tar.gz files in place */

ls -la | awk '{ print $5," ",$9 }' | sort -rn

/* File sizes of current directory */

mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos

/* Mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris */

mount -F ufs -o rw,remount /

/* Used to remount root to make it writeable */

mount -o remount,logging /spare

/* Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging */

tar cvf filename.tar

/* Create a tape (tar) archive */

tar xvf filename.tar

/* Extract a tape (tar) archive */

tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -)

/* Recursively copy files and their permissions */

/sbin/uadmin x x

/* Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast */

zcat <patch_file.tar.Z | tar xvf -

/* Extract the patch_file that is a compressed tar file */

File Transfer

put "| tar cf - ." filename.tar

/* Undocumented Feature of FTP */

find . -depth | cpio -pdmv /path/tobe/copied/to

/* Fast alternative to cp -pr */

sendport

/* Transferring large numbers of files within the same ftp control session */

General

/usr/bin/catman -w

/* Create windex databases for man page directories */

mailx -H -u <username>

/* List out mail headers for specified user */

set filec

/* Set file-completion for csh */

Hardware

cfgadm

/* Verify reconfigurable hardware resources */

m64config -prconf

/* Print M64 hardware configuration */

m64config -depth 8|24

/* Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator */

m64config -res 'video_mode'

/* Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator */

Kernel

/usr/sbin/modinfo

/* Display kernel module information */

/usr/sbin/modload <module>

/* Load a kernel module */

/usr/sbin/modunload -i <module id>

/* Unload a kernel module */

nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more

/* Tuneable kernel parameters */

/usr/sbin/sysdef

/* Show system kernal tunable details */

Memory

prtconf | grep "Memory size"

/* Display Memory Size */

Network Information

ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report

/* Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address */

netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l

/* Displays number active established connections to the localhost */

netstat -k hme0

/* Undocumented netstat command */

netstat -i

/* Show the TCP/IP network interfaces */

netstat -np

/* Similar to arp -a without name resolution */

netstat -r

/* Show network route table */

netstat -rn

/* Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup. */

netstat -a | more

/* Show the state of all sockets */

traceroute <ipaddress>

/* Follow the route to the ipaddress */

Network/Tuning

ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500

/* Change MTU of interface */

ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255

/* Add an Interface */

/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx

/* Virtual Interfaces */

/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up

/* Bring virtual interface up */

/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1

/* Nailling to 100Mbps */

ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192

/* To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses. */

ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535

/* Increase TCP-transmitbuffers */

ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535

/* Increase TCP-receivebuffers */

Processes

fuser -uc /var

/* Processes that are running from /var */

kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep [p]roccess | awk '{print $2}'`

/* HUP any related process in one step */

pfiles <pid>

/* Shows processes' current open files */

pkill -n <name>

/* Kill a process by name */

kill `ps -ef | grep program_name | grep -v grep | cut -f8 -d ' '`

/* pkill for solaris 2.6 */

prstat -a

/* An alternative for top command */

/usr/ucb/ps -aux | more

/* Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order */

/usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep <process name>

/* Gives the full listing of the process (long listing) */

ps -ef | grep -i <string> | awk '{ print $2 }'

/* Creates list of running PID by */

ps -ef | grep -v "0:00" | more

/* Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00 */

ps -ef | more

/* Show all processes running */

ps -fu oracle|grep pmon

/* See which instances of Oracle are running */

/usr/proc/bin/ptree <pid>

/* Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process */

/usr/proc/bin/pwdx <pid>

/* Print the working directory of a process */

top -b 1

/* Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits */

Resource Management

/usr/bin/ldd [filename]

/* List the dynamic dependencies of executable files */

/usr/proc/bin/pmap pid

/* Report address space map a process occupies */

Route Configuration

route add net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 1

/* Adds route to 128.50 network via 128.50.1.6 */

route delete net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6

/* Deletes route to 128.50 network */

route get [hostname]

/* Which interface will be used to contact hostname */

route monitor

/* Monitors traffic to the routes */

route flush

/* Removes all entries in the route table */

Searching Items

egrep "patterna|patternb" <filename>

/* Search for multiple patterns within the same file */

find . -exec egrep -li "str" {} \;

/* Find a string in files starting cwd */

find / -fstype nfs -prune -o fstype autofs -prune -o -name filename -print

/* Find without traversing NFS mounted file systems */

find . -mtime -1 -type f

/* Find recently modified files */

find / -mtime <# of days>

/* Find files modified during the past # of days */

find . ! -mtime -<days> | /usr/bin/xargs rm -rf

/* Finds and removes files older than <days> specified */

find . -type f -exec grep "<sub-string>" {} \; -print

/* Find files containing <sub-string> within directory tree */

find . -type f -print | xargs grep -i [PATTERN]

/* Recursive grep on files */

find / -user <username>

/* Find all files owned by <username> */

find / | grep [file mask]

/* Fast way to search for files */

find <start_path> -name "<file_name>" -exec rm -rf {} \;

/* Recursively finds files by name and automatically removes them */

find /proc/*/fd -links 0 -type f -size +2000 -ls

/* Find large files held open by a process */

ls -lR | grep <sub_string>

/* Fast alternative to find */

Security

echo 'Please go away' > /etc/nologin

/* Stops users logging in */

find / -perm -0777 -type d -ls

/* Find all your writable directories */

find / -type f -perm -2000 -print

/* Find all SGID files */

find / -type f -perm -4000 -print

/* find all SUID files */

Set Terminal Options

stty erase ^H

/* Sets the Backspace Key to erase */

stty erase ^?

/* Sets the Delete Key to erase */

stty sane

/* Rreset terminal after viewing a binary file. */

tput rmacs

/* Reset to standard char set */

Snoop Your Network

snoop -d pcelx0

/* Watch all network packets on device pcelx0 */

snoop -o /tmp/mylog pcelx0

/* Saves packets from device pcelx0 to a file */

snoop -i /tmp/mylog host1 host2

/* View packets from logfile between host1 & host2 */

snoop -i /tmp/mylog -v -p101

/* Show all info on packet number 101 from a logfile */

snoop -i /tmp/mylog -o /tmp/newlog host1

/* Write a new logfile with all host1 packets */

snoop -s 120

/* Return the first 120 bytes in the packet header */

snoop -v arp

/* Capture arp broadcasts on your network */

Swap File

mkfile -v 10m /export/disk1/myswap

/* Makes a 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */

mkfile -nv 10m /export/disk1/myswap

/* Makes an empty 10 Megabyte swapfile */

Swap Space

swap -s

/* List the amount of swap space available, also see mkfile */

swap -a /export/disk1/swapfile

/* Add a swapfile */

swap -d /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4

/* Deletes a swap device */

swap -l

/* List the current swap devices */

System Configuration

/usr/sbin/eeprom auto-boot? false

/* Changes eeprom autoboot? setting without going to Ok prompt */

/usr/sbin/eeprom diagswitch? true

/* Set the system to perform diagnostics on the next reboot. */

/usr/sbin/grpck

/* Check /etc/group file syntax */

/usr/sbin/pwck

/* Check /etc/passwd file syntax */

/usr/sbin/sys-unconfig

/* Clear host specific network configuration information */

System Information and Monitoring

coreadm -e log

/* Report global core */

/usr/sbin/eeprom

/* Show eeprom parameters */

grep "\-root" /var/adm/sulog | grep -v \+ | tail -25

/* List most recent attempts to switch to superuser account. */

isainfo -bv

/* Quickly checkout if machine is in 32 or 64 bit mode */

last

/* Tells who was or still is on the system */

logger -i

/* Log the process ID */

/usr/sbin/prtconf -vp

/* Show system configuration details */

/usr/platform/`/bin/uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v

/* System Diagnostics */

psrinfo | wc -l

/* Display number of processors */

sar -A <time in sec>

/* Provides cumulative system report. */

sar -a <time in sec>

/* Report use of file access system routines. */

sar -u

/* Report CPU Utilization */

uname -a

/* Displays system information */

vmstat 10

/* Displays summary of what the system is doing every 10 seconds */

ypcat hosts | sort -n -t. +0 -1 +1 -2 +2 -3 +3 -4

/* Take the input of "ypcat hosts" or "cat /etc/inet/hosts" and sort by IP. */

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