最近看起spring源碼,突然想知道沒有web.xml的配置,spring是怎麼通過一個繼承於AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer的類來啟動自己的。鑒於能力有限以及第一次看源碼和發文章,不到之處請望諒~
我用的IDE是IntelliJ IDEA,這個比myEclipse看源碼方便一點,而且黑色背景挺喜歡。然後項目是在maven下的tomcat7插件運行。spring版本是4.3.2.RELEASE。
如果寫過純注解配置的spring web,應該知道需要繼承一個初始化類來裝載bean,然後從這個類開始就會加載我們自定義的功能和bean了,下面是我的一個WebInitializer
@Order(1)
public class WebMvcInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{RootConfig.class,WebSecurityConfig.class};
}
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
return new Filter[]{new HiddenHttpMethodFilter()};
}
}
首先看下AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer類的結構,這個也是IDEA的一個uml功能,在類那裡右鍵Diagrams->show Diagrams就有啦
然後我們直接點進AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,可以看到這個類很簡單,只有四個方法,然後我們關注下createRootApplicationContext()
@Override
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
Class<?>[] configClasses = getRootConfigClasses();
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(configClasses)) {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
rootAppContext.register(configClasses);
return rootAppContext;
}
else {
return null;
}
}
這個方法大概意思是獲取用戶(程序員)傳過來的RootClasses,然後注冊裡面的bean,這些都不是我們關注的,不過這個方法應該是要在啟動後執行的,所以我們可以從這個方法往上找
IDEA下Ctrl+G可以找調用某個方法或類,然後設置尋找范圍為project and library
我們找到,AbstractContextLoaderInitializer下registerContextLoaderListener(ServletContext servletContext)方法調用子類的createRootApplicationContext()獲取WebApplicationContext,繼續找registerContextLoaderListener(ServletContext servletContext)方法的調用者,結果發現就是該類下的onStartup(ServletContext servletContext),下面貼下AbstractContextLoaderInitializer類
public abstract class AbstractContextLoaderInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
/** Logger available to subclasses */
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
registerContextLoaderListener(servletContext);
}
/**
* Register a {@link ContextLoaderListener} against the given servlet context. The
* {@code ContextLoaderListener} is initialized with the application context returned
* from the {@link #createRootApplicationContext()} template method.
* @param servletContext the servlet context to register the listener against
*/
protected void registerContextLoaderListener(ServletContext servletContext) {
WebApplicationContext rootAppContext = createRootApplicationContext();
if (rootAppContext != null) {
ContextLoaderListener listener = new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext);
listener.setContextInitializers(getRootApplicationContextInitializers());
servletContext.addListener(listener);
}
else {
logger.debug("No ContextLoaderListener registered, as " +
"createRootApplicationContext() did not return an application context");
}
}
/**
* Create the "<strong>root</strong>" application context to be provided to the
* {@code ContextLoaderListener}.
* <p>The returned context is delegated to
* {@link ContextLoaderListener#ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext)} and will
* be established as the parent context for any {@code DispatcherServlet} application
* contexts. As such, it typically contains middle-tier services, data sources, etc.
* @return the root application context, or {@code null} if a root context is not
* desired
* @see org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer
*/
protected abstract WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext();
/**
* Specify application context initializers to be applied to the root application
* context that the {@code ContextLoaderListener} is being created with.
* @since 4.2
* @see #createRootApplicationContext()
* @see ContextLoaderListener#setContextInitializers
*/
protected ApplicationContextInitializer<?>[] getRootApplicationContextInitializers() {
return null;
}
}
注意的是這裡我們跳過了AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer抽象類(看uml圖),這個類主要配置DispatcherServlet,這裡就是spring mvc等功能的實現了。
那誰來加載AbstractContextLoaderInitializer?WebApplicationInitializer已經是接口,不會再有一個抽象類來調用了,於是我嘗試性地搜WebApplicationInitializer接口,因為spring這種大項目肯定是面向接口的,所以調用的地方一般是寫接口,然後我們找到了SpringServletContainerInitializer類,它實現了ServletContainerInitializer接口,這個類大概是說把所有WebApplicationInitializer都startUp一遍,可以說這個類很接近我們的目標了。下面貼下SpringServletContainerInitializer
@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)
public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {
@Override
public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)
throws ServletException {
List<WebApplicationInitializer> initializers = new LinkedList<WebApplicationInitializer>();
if (webAppInitializerClasses != null) {
for (Class<?> waiClass : webAppInitializerClasses) {
// Be defensive: Some servlet containers provide us with invalid classes,
// no matter what @HandlesTypes says...
if (!waiClass.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(waiClass.getModifiers()) &&
WebApplicationInitializer.class.isAssignableFrom(waiClass)) {
try {
initializers.add((WebApplicationInitializer) waiClass.newInstance());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ServletException("Failed to instantiate WebApplicationInitializer class", ex);
}
}
}
}
if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
servletContext.log("No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath");
return;
}
servletContext.log(initializers.size() + " Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath");
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(initializers);
for (WebApplicationInitializer initializer : initializers) {
initializer.onStartup(servletContext);
}
}
}
在最後的foreach把所有的WebApplicationInitializer都啟動一遍。那麼問題來了,誰來啟動SpringServletContainerInitializer,spring肯定不能自己就能啟動的,在
web環境下,就只有web容器了。我們可以在上面某一個地方打個斷點,然後Debug一下(事實上,完全可以全程Debug = =,這樣准確又快捷,不過這樣少了點尋找的意味,沿路風景還是挺不錯的)
可以看到包org.apache.catalina.core下的StandardContext類的startInternal方法,這個已經是tomcat的范圍了,所以我們的目標算是達到了。注意的是ServletContainerInitializer接口並不是spring包下的,而是javax.servlet
我猜測,tomcat通過javax.servlet的ServletContainerInitializer接口來找容器下實現這個接口的類,然後調用它們的OnStartUp,然後spring的SpringServletContainerInitializer就可以把所有WebApplicationInitializer都啟動一遍,其中就有我們自己寫的WebInitializer,另外spring security用��解配置也是實現WebApplicationInitializer啟動的,所以這樣spring的擴展性很強。這幾天再看下tomcat源碼,了解下tomcat的機制。
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