從 1970 年開始,vi 和 vim 就成為了程序員最喜愛的文本編輯器之一。5年前,我寫了一個問自己名為 “每個程序員都應該知道的 100 個 vim 命令” 這次算是之前那篇文章的改進版,希望你會喜歡。
基礎
:e filename
Open
filename for edition
:w
Save file
:q
Exit Vim
:q!
Quit without saving
:x
Write file (if changes has been made) and exit
:sav filename
Saves file as
filename
.
Repeats the last change made in normal mode
5.
Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode
在文件中移動
k or Up Arrow
move the cursor up one line
j or Down Arrow
move the cursor down one line
e
move the cursor to the end of the word
b
move the cursor to the begining of the word
0
move the cursor to the begining of the line
G
move the cursor to the end of the line
gg
move the cursor to the begining of the file
L
move the cursor to the end of the file
:59
move cursor to line
59. Replace
59 by the desired line number.
20|
move cursor to column
20.
%
Move cursor to matching parenthesis
[[
Jump to function start
[{
Jump to block start
剪切、復制和粘貼
y
Copy the selected text to clipboard
p
Paste clipboard contents
dd
Cut current line
yy
Copy current line
y$
Copy to end of line
D
Cut to end of line
搜索
/word
Search
word from top to bottom
?word
Search
word from bottom to top
*
Search the word under cursor
/\cstring
Search
STRING or
string, case insensitive
/jo[ha]n
Search
john or
joan
/\< the
Search the, theatre or
then
/the\>
Search
the or
breathe
/\< the\>
Search
the
/\< ¦.\>
Search all words of 4 letters
/\/
Search
fred but not
alfred or
frederick
/fred\|joe
Search
fred or
joe
/\<\d\d\d\d\>
Search exactly 4 digits
/^\n\{3}
Find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/
Search in all open files
bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g
Search
something in all the open buffers and replace it with
somethingelse
替換
:%s/old/new/g
Replace all occurences of
old by
new in file
:%s/onward/forward/gi
Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/old/new/gc
Replace all occurences with confirmation
:2,35s/old/new/g
Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
:5,$s/old/new/g
Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
:%s/^/hello/g
Replace the begining of each line by
hello
:%s/$/Harry/g
Replace the end of each line by
Harry
:%s/onward/forward/gi
Replace
onward by
forward, case unsensitive
:%s/ *$//g
Delete all white spaces
:g/string/d
Delete all lines containing
string
:v/string/d
Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain
string
:s/Bill/Steve/
Replace the first occurence of
Bill by
Steve in current line
:s/Bill/Steve/g
Replace
Bill by
Steve in current line
:%s/Bill/Steve/g
Replace
Bill by
Steve in all the file
:%s/^M//g
Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
:%s/\r/\r/g
Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g
Delete HTML tags but keeps text
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/
Delete lines which appears twice
Ctrl+a
Increment number under the cursor
Ctrl+x
Decrement number under cursor
ggVGg?
Change text to Rot13
大小寫
Vu
Lowercase line
VU
Uppercase line
g~~
Invert case
vEU
Switch word to uppercase
vE~
Modify word case
ggguG
Set all text to lowercase
gggUG
Set all text to uppercase
:set ignorecase
Ignore case in searches
:set smartcase
Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
:%s/\<./\u&/g
Sets first letter of each word to uppercase
:%s/\<./\l&/g
Sets first letter of each word to lowercase
:%s/.*/\u&
Sets first letter of each line to uppercase
:%s/.*/\l&
Sets first letter of each line to lowercase
讀寫文件
:1,10 w outfile
Saves lines 1 to 10 in
outfile
:1,10 w >> outfile
Appends lines 1 to 10 to
outfile
:r infile
Insert the content of
infile
:23r infile
Insert the content of
infile under line 23
文件浏覽器
:e .
Open integrated file explorer
:Sex
Split window and open integrated file explorer
:Sex!
Same as
:Sex but split window vertically
:browse e
Graphical file explorer
:ls
List buffers
:cd ..
Move to parent directory
:args
List files
:args *.php
Open file list
:grep expression *.php
Returns a list of .php files contening
expression
gf
Open file name under cursor
和 Unix 系統交互
:!pwd
Execute the
pwd unix command, then returns to Vi
!!pwd
Execute the
pwd unix command and insert output in file
:sh
Temporary returns to Unix
$exit
Retourns to Vi
對齊
:%!fmt
Align all lines
!}fmt
Align all lines at the current position
5!!fmt
Align the next 5 lines
Tabs/Windows
:tabnew
Creates a new tab
gt
Show next tab
:tabfirst
Show first tab
:tablast
Show last tab
:tabm n(position)
Rearrange tabs
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g
Execute a command in all tabs
:tab ball
Puts all open files in tabs
:new abc.txt
Edit
abc.txt in new window
分屏顯示
:e filename
Edit
filename in current window
:split filename
Split the window and open
filename
ctrl-w up arrow
Puts cursor in top window
ctrl-w ctrl-w
Puts cursor in next window
ctrl-w_
Maximize current window vertically
ctrl-w|
Maximize current window horizontally
ctrl-w=
Gives the same size to all windows
10 ctrl-w+
Add 10 lines to current window
:vsplit file
Split window vertically
:sview file
Same as
:split in readonly mode
:hide
Close current window
:nly
Close all windows, excepted current
:b 2
Open #2 in this window
自動完成
Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode)
Complete word
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l
Complete line
:set dictionary=dict
Define
dict as a dictionnary
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k
Complete with dictionnary
Marks
m {a-z}
Marks current position as
{a-z}
' {a-z}
Move to position
{a-z}
''
Move to previous position
縮寫
:ab mail
[email protected]
Define
mail as abbreviation of
[email protected]
文本縮進
:set autoindent
Turn on auto-indent
:set smartindent
Turn on intelligent auto-indent
:set shiftwidth=4
Defines 4 spaces as indent size
ctrl-t, ctrl-d
Indent/un-indent in insert mode
>>
Indent
<<
Un-indent
=%
Indent the code between parenthesis
1GVG=
Indent the whole file
語法高亮
:syntax on
Turn on syntax highlighting
:syntax off
Turn off syntax highlighting
:set syntax=perl
Force syntax highlighting
推薦閱讀:
- 快速學會 Vi編輯器 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88586.htm
- 強大的Vim 編輯器 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87544.htm
- 在CentOS 6.2上搭建Vim開發環境 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87363.htm
- Vim 7.4a 發布,全新更快的正則表達式引擎 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87035.htm
- CentOS 5.4 安裝高亮Vim編輯工具 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-06/86508.htm
- Vim技巧分享:C語言設置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/77124.htm
- Ubuntu中設置Vim的行號 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/75485.htm