請先參考:Android推送通知指南 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/45373.htm
這裡使用了IBM提供的MQTT協議實現了推送。有一個wmqtt.jar包需要導入到工程,見附件。
然後編寫PushService類實現一個服務,其中有個內部類:
MQTTConnection 實現了 MqttSimpleCallback接口,重寫其中的publishArrived方法,我這裡是當接受到推送的數據後顯示一個Notification,點擊該Notification後跳轉到一個Activity上。
具體看PushService類,關鍵的地方我都用中文字說明了:
- package com.ata.push;
-
- import org.json.JSONException;
- import org.json.JSONObject;
-
- import android.R;
- import android.app.AlarmManager;
- import android.app.Notification;
- import android.app.NotificationManager;
- import android.app.PendingIntent;
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.IntentFilter;
- import android.content.SharedPreferences;
- import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
- import android.net.NetworkInfo;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.util.Log;
-
- import com.ata.view.NewMesageInfoActivity;
- import com.ibm.mqtt.IMqttClient;
- import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttClient;
- import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttException;
- import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttPersistence;
- import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttPersistenceException;
- import com.ibm.mqtt.MqttSimpleCallback;
-
- /*
- * PushService that does all of the work.
- * Most of the logic is borrowed from KeepAliveService.
- * http://code.google.com/p/android-random/source/browse/trunk/TestKeepAlive/src/org/devtcg/demo/keepalive/KeepAliveService.java?r=219
- */
- public class PushService extends Service
- {
- // this is the log tag
- public static final String TAG = "PushService";
-
- // the IP address, where your MQTT broker is running.
- private static final String MQTT_HOST = "172.16.26.41";//需要改成服務器IP
- // the port at which the broker is running.
- private static int MQTT_BROKER_PORT_NUM = 1883;//需要改成服務器port
- // Let's not use the MQTT persistence.
- private static MqttPersistence MQTT_PERSISTENCE = null;
- // We don't need to remember any state between the connections, so we use a clean start.
- private static boolean MQTT_CLEAN_START = true;
- // Let's set the internal keep alive for MQTT to 15 mins. I haven't tested this value much. It could probably be increased.
- private static short MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE = 60 * 15;
- // Set quality of services to 0 (at most once delivery), since we don't want push notifications
- // arrive more than once. However, this means that some messages might get lost (delivery is not guaranteed)
- private static int[] MQTT_QUALITIES_OF_SERVICE = { 0 } ;
- private static int MQTT_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE = 0;
- // The broker should not retain any messages.
- private static boolean MQTT_RETAINED_PUBLISH = false;
-
- // MQTT client ID, which is given the broker. In this example, I also use this for the topic header.
- // You can use this to run push notifications for multiple apps with one MQTT broker.
- public static String MQTT_CLIENT_ID = "ata";//需要改成自己需要的名稱
-
- // These are the actions for the service (name are descriptive enough)
- private static final String ACTION_START = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".START";
- private static final String ACTION_STOP = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".STOP";
- private static final String ACTION_KEEPALIVE = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".KEEP_ALIVE";
- private static final String ACTION_RECONNECT = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + ".RECONNECT";
-
- // Connection log for the push service. Good for debugging.
- //private ConnectionLog mLog;
-
- // Connectivity manager to determining, when the phone loses connection
- private ConnectivityManager mConnMan;
- // Notification manager to displaying arrived push notifications
- private NotificationManager mNotifMan;
-
- // Whether or not the service has been started.
- private boolean mStarted;
-
- // This the application level keep-alive interval, that is used by the AlarmManager
- // to keep the connection active, even when the device goes to sleep.
- private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL = 1000 * 60 * 28;
-
- // Retry intervals, when the connection is lost.
- private static final long INITIAL_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000 * 10;
- private static final long MAXIMUM_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000 * 60 * 30;
-
- // Preferences instance
- private SharedPreferences mPrefs;
- // We store in the preferences, whether or not the service has been started
- //判斷Service是否已經啟動,不要重復啟動!
- public static final String PREF_STARTED = "isStarted";
- // We also store the deviceID (target)
- //需要提供手機設備號,該設備號應該事先保存在SharedPreferences中
- public static final String PREF_DEVICE_ID = "deviceID";
- // We store the last retry interval
- public static final String PREF_RETRY = "retryInterval";
-
- // Notification title
- public static String NOTIF_TITLE = "ata";
- // Notification id
- private static final int NOTIF_CONNECTED = 0;
-
- // This is the instance of an MQTT connection.
- private MQTTConnection mConnection;
- private long mStartTime;
-
-
- // Static method to start the service
- //在需要的地方直接調用該方法就啟動監聽了
- public static void actionStart(Context ctx) {
- Intent i = new Intent(ctx, PushService.class);
- i.setAction(ACTION_START);
- ctx.startService(i);
- }
-
- // Static method to stop the service
- public static void actionStop(Context ctx) {
- Intent i = new Intent(ctx, PushService.class);
- i.setAction(ACTION_STOP);
- ctx.startService(i);
- }
-
- // Static method to send a keep alive message
- public static void actionPing(Context ctx) {
- Intent i = new Intent(ctx, PushService.class);
- i.setAction(ACTION_KEEPALIVE);
- ctx.startService(i);
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- super.onCreate();
-
- log("Creating service");
- mStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
- /*try {
- //mLog = new ConnectionLog();
- //Log.i(TAG, "Opened log at " + mLog.getPath());
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Failed to open log", e);
- }*/
-
- // Get instances of preferences, connectivity manager and notification manager
- mPrefs = getSharedPreferences(TAG, MODE_PRIVATE);
- mConnMan = (ConnectivityManager)getSystemService(CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
- mNotifMan = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
-
- /* If our process was reaped by the system for any reason we need
- * to restore our state with merely a call to onCreate. We record
- * the last "started" value and restore it here if necessary. */
- handleCrashedService();
- }
-
- // This method does any necessary clean-up need in case the server has been destroyed by the system
- // and then restarted
- private void handleCrashedService() {
- if (wasStarted() == true) {
- log("Handling crashed service...");
- // stop the keep alives
- stopKeepAlives();
-
- // Do a clean start
- start();
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- log("Service destroyed (started=" + mStarted + ")");
-
- // Stop the services, if it has been started
- if (mStarted == true) {
- stop();
- }
-
- /* try {
- if (mLog != null)
- mLog.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {} */
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
- super.onStart(intent, startId);
- log("Service started with intent=" + intent);
-
- // Do an appropriate action based on the intent.
- if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_STOP) == true) {
- stop();
- stopSelf();
- } else if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_START) == true) {
- start();
- } else if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_KEEPALIVE) == true) {
- keepAlive();
- } else if (intent.getAction().equals(ACTION_RECONNECT) == true) {
- if (isNetworkAvailable()) {
- reconnectIfNecessary();
- }
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return null;
- }
-
- // log helper function
- private void log(String message) {
- log(message, null);
- }
- private void log(String message, Throwable e) {
- if (e != null) {
- Log.e(TAG, message, e);
-
- } else {
- Log.i(TAG, message);
- }
-
- /*if (mLog != null)
- {
- try {
- mLog.println(message);
- } catch (IOException ex) {}
- } */
- }
-
- // Reads whether or not the service has been started from the preferences
- private boolean wasStarted() {
- return mPrefs.getBoolean(PREF_STARTED, false);
- }
-
- // Sets whether or not the services has been started in the preferences.
- private void setStarted(boolean started) {
- mPrefs.edit().putBoolean(PREF_STARTED, started).commit();
- mStarted = started;
- }
-
- private synchronized void start() {
- log("Starting service...");
-
- // Do nothing, if the service is already running.
- if (mStarted == true) {
- Log.w(TAG, "Attempt to start connection that is already active");
- return;
- }
-
- // Establish an MQTT connection
- connect();
-
- // Register a connectivity listener
- registerReceiver(mConnectivityChanged, new IntentFilter(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION));
- }
-
- private synchronized void stop() {
- // Do nothing, if the service is not running.
- if (mStarted == false) {
- Log.w(TAG, "Attempt to stop connection not active.");
- return;
- }
-
- // Save stopped state in the preferences
- setStarted(false);
-
- // Remove the connectivity receiver
- unregisterReceiver(mConnectivityChanged);
- // Any existing reconnect timers should be removed, since we explicitly stopping the service.
- cancelReconnect();
-
- // Destroy the MQTT connection if there is one
- if (mConnection != null) {
- mConnection.disconnect();
- mConnection = null;
- }
- }
-
- //
- private synchronized void connect() {
- log("Connecting...");
- // fetch the device ID from the preferences.
- String deviceID = mPrefs.getString(PREF_DEVICE_ID, null);
- // Create a new connection only if the device id is not NULL
- if (deviceID == null) {
- log("Device ID not found.");
- } else {
- try {
- mConnection = new MQTTConnection(MQTT_HOST, deviceID);
- } catch (MqttException e) {
- // Schedule a reconnect, if we failed to connect
- log("MqttException: " + (e.getMessage() != null ? e.getMessage() : "NULL"));
- if (isNetworkAvailable()) {
- scheduleReconnect(mStartTime);
- }
- }
- setStarted(true);
- }
- }
-
- private synchronized void keepAlive() {
- try {
- // Send a keep alive, if there is a connection.
- if (mStarted == true && mConnection != null) {
- mConnection.sendKeepAlive();
- }
- } catch (MqttException e) {
- log("MqttException: " + (e.getMessage() != null? e.getMessage(): "NULL"), e);
-
- mConnection.disconnect();
- mConnection = null;
- cancelReconnect();
- }
- }
-
- // Schedule application level keep-alives using the AlarmManager
- private void startKeepAlives() {
- Intent i = new Intent();
- i.setClass(this, PushService.class);
- i.setAction(ACTION_KEEPALIVE);
- PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0);
- AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
- alarmMgr.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,
- System.currentTimeMillis() + KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL,
- KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, pi);
- }
-
- // Remove all scheduled keep alives
- private void stopKeepAlives() {
- Intent i = new Intent();
- i.setClass(this, PushService.class);
- i.setAction(ACTION_KEEPALIVE);
- PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0);
- AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
- alarmMgr.cancel(pi);
- }
-
- // We schedule a reconnect based on the starttime of the service
- public void scheduleReconnect(long startTime) {
- // the last keep-alive interval
- long interval = mPrefs.getLong(PREF_RETRY, INITIAL_RETRY_INTERVAL);
-
- // Calculate the elapsed time since the start
- long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
- long elapsed = now - startTime;
-
-
- // Set an appropriate interval based on the elapsed time since start
- if (elapsed < interval) {
- interval = Math.min(interval * 4, MAXIMUM_RETRY_INTERVAL);
- } else {
- interval = INITIAL_RETRY_INTERVAL;
- }
-
- log("Rescheduling connection in " + interval + "ms.");
-
- // Save the new internval
- mPrefs.edit().putLong(PREF_RETRY, interval).commit();
-
- // Schedule a reconnect using the alarm manager.
- Intent i = new Intent();
- i.setClass(this, PushService.class);
- i.setAction(ACTION_RECONNECT);
- PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0);
- AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
- alarmMgr.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, now + interval, pi);
- }
-
- // Remove the scheduled reconnect
- public void cancelReconnect() {
- Intent i = new Intent();
- i.setClass(this, PushService.class);
- i.setAction(ACTION_RECONNECT);
- PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, i, 0);
- AlarmManager alarmMgr = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
- alarmMgr.cancel(pi);
- }
-
- private synchronized void reconnectIfNecessary() {
- if (mStarted == true && mConnection == null) {
- log("Reconnecting...");
- connect();
- }
- }
-
- // This receiver listeners for network changes and updates the MQTT connection
- // accordingly
- private BroadcastReceiver mConnectivityChanged = new BroadcastReceiver() {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- // Get network info
- NetworkInfo info = (NetworkInfo)intent.getParcelableExtra (ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
-
- // Is there connectivity?
- boolean hasConnectivity = (info != null && info.isConnected()) ? true : false;
-
- log("Connectivity changed: connected=" + hasConnectivity);
-
- if (hasConnectivity) {
- reconnectIfNecessary();
- } else if (mConnection != null) {
- // if there no connectivity, make sure MQTT connection is destroyed
- mConnection.disconnect();
- cancelReconnect();
- mConnection = null;
- }
- }
- };
-
- // Display the topbar notification
- private void showNotification(String content) {
- Notification n = new Notification();
-
- n.flags |= Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS;
- n.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
-
- n.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_ALL;
-
- n.icon = R.drawable.ic_dialog_info;
- n.when = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
- Log.i("PushService", "json==="+content);
- String alert=null;
- String id=null;
- try {
- JSONObject json = new JSONObject(content);
- alert = json.optString("alert");
- // String title = json.optString("title");
- // String message_id = json.optString("message_id");
- // String url = json.optString("url");
- id = json.optString("id");
- // Log.i("PushService", "alert==="+alert );
- // Log.i("PushService", "title==="+title );
- // Log.i("PushService", "message_id==="+message_id );
- // Log.i("PushService", "url==="+url );
- // Log.i("PushService", "id==="+id );
-
- } catch (JSONException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- Intent intent = new Intent(this,NewMesageInfoActivity.class);
- //http://testing.portal.ataudc.com/message/4fd6fbf07d9704ba51000002
- // intent.putExtra("url", "http://testing.ataudc.com/my/message/get/");
- intent.putExtra("url", "http://testing.portal.ataudc.com/message/"+id);
- intent.putExtra("message_id", id);
- intent.putExtra("id", id);
- // PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);
- PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,intent, 0);
- // Change the name of the notification here
- n.setLatestEventInfo(this, NOTIF_TITLE, alert, pi);
-
- mNotifMan.notify(NOTIF_CONNECTED, n);
- }
-
- // Check if we are online
- private boolean isNetworkAvailable() {
- NetworkInfo info = mConnMan.getActiveNetworkInfo();
- if (info == null) {
- return false;
- }
- return info.isConnected();
- }
-
- // This inner class is a wrapper on top of MQTT client.
- private class MQTTConnection implements MqttSimpleCallback {
- IMqttClient mqttClient = null;
-
- // Creates a new connection given the broker address and initial topic
- public MQTTConnection(String brokerHostName, String initTopic) throws MqttException {
- // Create connection spec
- String mqttConnSpec = "tcp://" + brokerHostName + "@" + MQTT_BROKER_PORT_NUM;
- // Create the client and connect
- mqttClient = MqttClient.createMqttClient(mqttConnSpec, MQTT_PERSISTENCE);
- String clientID = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + "/" + mPrefs.getString(PREF_DEVICE_ID, "");
- mqttClient.connect(clientID, MQTT_CLEAN_START, MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE);
-
- // register this client app has being able to receive messages
- mqttClient.registerSimpleHandler(this);
-
- // Subscribe to an initial topic, which is combination of client ID and device ID.
- initTopic = MQTT_CLIENT_ID + "/" + initTopic;
- subscribeToTopic(initTopic);
-
- log("Connection established to " + brokerHostName + " on topic " + initTopic);
-
- // Save start time
- mStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
- // Star the keep-alives
- startKeepAlives();
- }
-
- // Disconnect
- public void disconnect() {
- try {
- stopKeepAlives();
- mqttClient.disconnect();
- } catch (MqttPersistenceException e) {
- log("MqttException" + (e.getMessage() != null? e.getMessage():" NULL"), e);
- }
- }
- /*
- * Send a request to the message broker to be sent messages published with
- * the specified topic name. Wildcards are allowed.
- */
- private void subscribeToTopic(String topicName) throws MqttException {
-
- if ((mqttClient == null) || (mqttClient.isConnected() == false)) {
- // quick sanity check - don't try and subscribe if we don't have
- // a connection
- log("Connection error" + "No connection");
- } else {
- String[] topics = { topicName };
- mqttClient.subscribe(topics, MQTT_QUALITIES_OF_SERVICE);
- }
- }
- /*
- * Sends a message to the message broker, requesting that it be published
- * to the specified topic.
- */
- private void publishToTopic(String topicName, String message) throws MqttException {
- if ((mqttClient == null) || (mqttClient.isConnected() == false)) {
- // quick sanity check - don't try and publish if we don't have
- // a connection
- log("No connection to public to");
- } else {
- mqttClient.publish(topicName,
- message.getBytes(),
- MQTT_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE,
- MQTT_RETAINED_PUBLISH);
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * Called if the application loses it's connection to the message broker.
- */
- public void connectionLost() throws Exception {
- log("Loss of connection" + "connection downed");
- stopKeepAlives();
- // null itself
- mConnection = null;
- if (isNetworkAvailable() == true) {
- reconnectIfNecessary();
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * Called when we receive a message from the message broker.
- * 在這裡處理服務器推送過來的數據
- */
- public void publishArrived(String topicName, byte[] payload, int qos, boolean retained) {
- // Show a notification
- String s = new String(payload);
- showNotification(s);
- }
-
- public void sendKeepAlive() throws MqttException {
- log("Sending keep alive");
- // publish to a keep-alive topic
- publishToTopic(MQTT_CLIENT_ID + "/keepalive", mPrefs.getString(PREF_DEVICE_ID, ""));
- }
- }
- }
PushService是根據你的設備號來准確定位你的手機的,它是從SharedPreferences取得該設備號的,所以你得事先將你的設備號保存在SharedPreferences中,如下:
- //啟動PUSH服務
- mDeviceID = Secure.getString(this.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
- Editor editor = getSharedPreferences(PushService.TAG, MODE_PRIVATE).edit();
- editor.putString(PushService.PREF_DEVICE_ID, mDeviceID);
- editor.commit();
- Log.i("tag", "mDeviceID====="+mDeviceID);
- PushService.actionStart(getApplicationContext());
將上面的代碼寫在需要的Activity中即可。至於服務器端代碼,我們使用php寫的,這裡請參考Android推送通知指南 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-10/45373.htm
代碼下載
免費下載地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/
用戶名與密碼都是www.linuxidc.com
具體下載目錄在 /2012年資料/6月/13日/Android實現推送PushService通知Notification/