shell補充工具-expect
linux 下面，在shell編程裡面，有些程序的輸入是需要接收tty的輸入而不是stdin的輸入，如果需要一種實現，那麼就是expect。
一,安裝expect
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yum install expect
二,實例
1,ssh實現自動登錄,並停在登錄服務器上
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#!/usr/bin/expect -f
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set ip www.factj.com
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set password [lindex $argv 0 ] //接收第一個參數,並設置密碼
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set timeout 10 //設置超時時間
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spawn ssh root@$ip //發送ssh請滶
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expect { //返回信息匹配
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"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} //第一次ssh連接會提示yes/no,繼續
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"*password:" { send "$password\r" } //出現密碼提示,發送密碼
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}
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interact //交互模式,用戶會停留在遠程服務器上面.
運行結果如下:
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root@factj:/home/factj# ./test.exp factj
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spawn ssh root@w<span></span> Last login: Fri Sep 7 10:47:43 2013 from www.factj.com
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[root@linux ~]#
這個例子有統一的接口,根據IP和密碼可以連接到不同的機器.如果你嫌輸入IP和密碼麻煩,看下面的例子
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#!/usr/bin/expect -f
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set ip www.factj.com
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set password factj
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set timeout 10
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spawn ssh root@$ip
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expect {
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"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
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"*password:" { send "$password\r" }
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}
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interact
運行結果如下：
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root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./web.exp
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spawn ssh
[email protected]
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Last login: Fri Agu 7 12:59:02 2013 from www.factj.com
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[root@linux ~]#
2,ssh遠程登錄到服務器,並且執行命令,執行完後並退出
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#!/usr/bin/expect -f
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set ip www.factj.com
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set password factj
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set timeout 10
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spawn ssh root@$ip
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expect {
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"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
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"*password:" { send "$password\r" }
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}
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expect "#*"
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send "pwd\r"
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send "exit\r"
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expect eof
運行結果如下:
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root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test3.exp
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spawn ssh
[email protected]
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[email protected]'s password:
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Last login: Fri agu 7 14:05:07 2013 from 116.246.27.90
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[root@localhost ~]# pwd
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/root
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[root@localhost ~]# exit
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logout
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Connection to www.factj.com closed.
3,遠程登錄到ftp,並且下載文件
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#!/usr/bin/expect -f
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set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]
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set dir [lindex $argv 1 ]
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set file [lindex $argv 2 ]
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set timeout 10
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spawn ftp $ip
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expect "Name*"
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send "zwh\r"
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expect "Password:*"
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send "zwh\r"
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expect "ftp>*"
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send "lcd $dir\r"
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expect {
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"*file" { send_user "local $_dir No such file or directory";send "quit\r" }
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"*now*" { send "get $dir/$file $dir/$file\r"}
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}
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expect {
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"*Failed" { send_user "remote $file No such file";send "quit\r" }
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"*OK" { send_user "$file has been download\r";send "quit\r"}
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}
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expect eof
運行結果如下:
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root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test2.exp www.factj.com /var/www/www aaa.html
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spawn ftp www.factj.com
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Connected to www.factj.com.
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220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
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Name (www.factj.com:root): zwh
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331 Please specify the password.
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Password:
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230 Login successful.
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Remote system type is UNIX.
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Using binary mode to transfer files.
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ftp> lcd /var/www/www
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Local directory now /var/www/www
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ftp> get /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html
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local: /var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html
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200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
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150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes).
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226 File send OK.
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66 bytes received in 0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s)
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quit aaa.html has been download
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221 Goodbye.
