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Linux系統中如何使用ping命令進行網絡診斷

ping命令是Linux系統中用於網絡診斷的命令,可檢查網絡是否連通,通常用於分析和判斷網絡故障,是個非常使用的命令,下面小編就給大家介紹下Linux下如何使用ping命令,一起來了解下吧。

它通過發送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST數據包到網絡主機(send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts),並顯示響應情況,這樣我們就可以根據它輸出的信息來確定目標主機是否可訪問(但這不是絕對的)。有些服務器為了防止通過ping探測到,通過防火牆設置了禁止ping或者在內核參數中禁止ping,這樣就不能通過ping確定該主機是否還處於開啟狀態。

linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有區別,linux下ping不會自動終止,需要按ctrl+c終止或者用參數-c指定要求完成的回應次數。

1.命令格式:

ping [參數] [主機名或IP地址]

2.命令功能:

ping命令用於:確定網絡和各外部主機的狀態;跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題;測試、評估和管理網絡。如果主機正在運行並連在網上,它就對回送信號進行響應。每個回送信號請求包含一個網際協議(IP)和 ICMP 頭,後面緊跟一個 tim 結構,以及來填寫這個信息包的足夠的字節。缺省情況是連續發送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號(Ctrl-C)。

ping 命令每秒發送一個數據報並且為每個接收到的響應打印一行輸出。ping 命令計算信號往返時間和(信息)包丟失情況的統計信息,並且在完成之後顯示一個簡要總結。ping 命令在程序超時或當接收到 SIGINT 信號時結束。Host 參數或者是一個有效的主機名或者是因特網地址。

3.命令參數:

-d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

-f 極限檢測。大量且快速地送網絡封包給一台機器,看它的回應。

-n 只輸出數值。

-q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息,只顯示最後的結果。

-r 忽略普通的Routing Table,直接將數據包送到遠端主機上。通常是查看本機的網絡接口是否有問題。

-R 記錄路由過程。

-v 詳細顯示指令的執行過程。

《p》-c 數目:在發送指定數目的包後停止。

-i 秒數:設定間隔幾秒送一個網絡封包給一台機器,預設值是一秒送一次。

-I 網絡界面:使用指定的網絡界面送出數據包。

-l 前置載入:設置在送出要求信息之前,先行發出的數據包。

-p 范本樣式:設置填滿數據包的范本樣式。

-s 字節數:指定發送的數據字節數,預設值是56,加上8字節的ICMP頭,一共是64ICMP數據字節。

-t 存活數值:設置存活數值TTL的大小。

4.使用實例:

實例1:ping的通的情況

命令:ping 192.168.120.205

輸出:

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205

PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms《/p》 《p》--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms

[root@localhost ~]#

實例2:ping不通的情況

命令:ping 192.168.120.202

輸出:

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202

PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable

From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable《/p》 《p》--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---

8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms

, pipe 4

[root@localhost ~]#

實例3:ping網關

命令:ping -b 192.168.120.1

輸出:

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# route

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1

PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms《/p》 《p》--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms

實例4:ping指定次數

命令:ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

輸出:

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms《/p》 《p》--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms

[root@localhost ~]#

實例5:時間間隔和次數限制的ping

命令:ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

輸出:

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms《/p》 《p》--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms《/p》 《p》--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms

[root@localhost ~]#

實例6:通過域名ping公網上的站點

命令:ping -c 5 www.58.com

輸出:

代碼如下:

peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5 www.58.com

PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms

64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms《/p》 《p》--- www.58.com ping statistics ---

5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms

peida-VirtualBox ~ #

實例7:多參數使用

命令:ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206

輸出:

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206

PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms

1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms《/p》 《p》--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---

15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms

[root@localhost ~]#

說明:-i 3 發送周期為 3秒 -s 設置發送包的大小為1024 -t 設置TTL值為 255

上面就是Linux下ping命令的具體用法的介紹了,如果你的網絡出了故障,又想知道是哪裡出了問題,可以使用ping命令進行檢測。

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