IO分為同步、異步,阻塞、非阻塞,兩兩組合成4種模型。
一個常見的問題是IO對請求沒有准備好:例如調用讀請求的時候可能設備上沒有數據,但是將來可能有;調用寫請求時可能捨妹沒有准備好接收數據,一會兒可能buffer清空就好了。調用過程一般不去理會這些問題,如果程序員僅僅要求在請求返回時工作做好,那麼驅動設備就應該阻塞這個請求的進程,使他陷入睡眠狀態。
當一個進程處於睡眠態, 意味著它被移除調度隊列,直到這個狀態被改變之前,CPU都不會處理這個進程。有幾個注意事項:
/* A simple server in the internet domain using TCP
The port number is passed as an argument */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
void error(const char *msg)
{
perror(msg);
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd, newsockfd, portno;
socklen_t clilen;
char buffer[256];
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
int n;
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no port provided\n");
exit(1);
}
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0)
error("ERROR opening socket");
bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
portno = atoi(argv[1]);
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr,
sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
error("ERROR on binding");
listen(sockfd,5);
clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
newsockfd = accept(sockfd,
(struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr,
&clilen);
if (newsockfd < 0)
error("ERROR on accept");
bzero(buffer,256);
n = read(newsockfd,buffer,255);
if (n < 0) error("ERROR reading from socket");
printf("Here is the message: %s\n",buffer);
n = write(newsockfd,"I got your message",18);
if (n < 0) error("ERROR writing to socket");
close(newsockfd);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}