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Nginx動靜分離經典案例配置

   隨著Nginx高性能Web服務器大量被使用,目前Nginx最新穩定版為1.2.6,張宴兄在實際應用中大量使用Nginx,並分享Nginx高性能Web服務器知識,使得Nginx在國內也是飛速的發展。那今天咱們再來溫習一下Nginx動靜分離知識,這裡僅供參考。

一、實踐環境:
系統版本:CentOS6.0 X86_64
Nginx版本:Nginx-1.2.6
Tomcat版本:Tomcat-6.0.18

二、Nginx安裝:
實際環境中安裝Nginx,首先需要安裝pcre庫,然後再安裝Nginx:
#安裝pcre支持rewrite庫,也可以安裝源碼,注*安裝源碼時,指定pcre路徑為解壓源碼的路徑,而不是編譯後的路徑,否則會報錯。
yum install pcre-devel pcre -y
 
#下載Nginx源碼包
cd /usr/src ;wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
 
#解壓Nginx源碼包
tar -xzf nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz 
 
#進入解壓目錄,然後sed修改Nginx版本信息為TDTWS 
cd nginx-1.2.6 ; sed -i -e 's/1.2.6//g' -e 's/nginx\//TDTWS/g' -e 's/"NGINX"/"TDTWS"/g' src/core/nginx.h 
 
#預編譯Nginx
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
#.configure預編譯成功後,執行make命令進行編譯
 
make
#make執行成功後,執行make install 正式安裝
make install
#自此Nginx安裝完畢!

三、配置Nginx:
這裡忽略Tomcat安裝和配置,只配置Nginx
#進入Nginx應用目錄 
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf 
#備份原nginx.conf文件 
mv  nginx.conf  nginx.bak 

創建 vi nginx.conf ,並寫入如下內容:
user www www; 
worker_processes 8; 
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000; 
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; 
 
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400; 
 
events 
{ 
use epoll; 
worker_connections 102400; 
} 
http 
{ 
  include       mime.types; 
   
  default_type  application/octet-stream; 
 
  fastcgi_intercept_errors on; 
 
  charset  utf-8; 
 
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; 
  client_header_buffer_size 4k; 
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; 
  client_max_body_size 300m; 
 
  sendfile on; 
  tcp_nopush     on; 
 
  keepalive_timeout 60; 
 
  tcp_nodelay on; 
 
  client_body_buffer_size  512k; 
  proxy_connect_timeout    5; 
  proxy_read_timeout       60; 
  proxy_send_timeout       5; 
  proxy_buffer_size        16k; 
  proxy_buffers            4 64k; 
  proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; 
  proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k; 
 
  gzip on; 
  gzip_min_length  1k; 
  gzip_buffers     4 16k; 
  gzip_http_version 1.1; 
  gzip_comp_level 2; 
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; 
  gzip_vary on; 
 
   
###2012-12-19 change nginx logs 
 
log_format  main  '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 
              '"$http_user_agent"  $request_time $remote_addr'; 
 
#這裡為後端服務器wugk應用集群配置,根據後端實際情況修改即可,tdt_wugk為負載均衡名稱,可以任意指定
#但必須跟vhosts.conf虛擬主機的pass段一致,否則不能轉發後端的請求。 
upstream tdt_wugk { 
    server   10.10.141.30:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.30:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.31:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.31:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.32:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.32:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
} 
#這裡為後端APP應用負載均衡配置,根據後端實際情況修改即可。tdt_app為負載均衡名稱,可以任意指定
upstream tdt_app { 
    server   10.10.141.40:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.40:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.41:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.41:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.42:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    server   10.10.141.42:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
} 
#include引用vhosts.conf,該文件主要用於配置Nginx 虛擬主機  
include vhosts.conf; 
}
如上nginx.conf配置完畢,繼續配置nginx虛擬主機,繼續在當前目錄創建vhosts.conf

vi vhosts.conf 內容如下:

####www.wuguangke.cn 
server 
 
  { 
    listen       80; 
    server_name  www.wuguangke.cn; 
    index index.html index.htm; 
#配置發布目錄為/data/www/wugk  
    root  /data/www/wugk; 
 
    location / 
    { 
         proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; 
         proxy_set_header Host  $host; 
         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
         proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk; 
         expires      3d; 
    } 
    #動態頁面交給http://tdt_wugk,也即我們之前在nginx.conf定義的upstream tdt_wugk 均衡 
    location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$ 
    { 
         proxy_set_header Host  $host; 
         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
         proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk; 
    } 
    #配置Nginx動靜分離,定義的靜態頁面直接從Nginx發布目錄讀取。
    location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ 
    { 
    root /data/www/wugk; 
#expires定義用戶浏覽器緩存的時間為3天,如果靜態頁面不常更新,可以設置更長,這樣可以節省帶寬和緩解服務器的壓力
    expires      3d; 
    } 
    #定義Nginx輸出日志的路徑 
    access_log  /data/logs/nginx_wugk/access.log main; 
    error_log   /data/logs/nginx_wugk/error.log  crit; 
} 
 
##########chinaapp.sinaapp.com 2012-12-19 
  server 
 
  { 
    listen       80; 
    server_name  chinaapp.sinaapp.com; 
    index index.html index.htm; 
    root  /data/www; 
 
    location / 
    { 
         proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; 
         proxy_set_header Host  $host; 
         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
         proxy_pass http://tdt_app; 
         expires      3d; 
    } 
 
    location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$ 
    { 
         proxy_set_header Host  $host; 
         proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
         proxy_pass http://tdt_app; 
    } 
    location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ 
    { 
    root /data/www/app; 
    expires      3d; 
    } 
     
    access_log  /data/logs/nginx_app/access.log main; 
    error_log   /data/logs/nginx_app/error.log  crit; 
}

四、部署測試:
後端配置好Tomcat服務,並啟動,發布的程序需同步到Nginx的/data/www對應的目錄,因為配置動靜分離後,用戶請求你定義的靜態頁面,默認會去nginx的發布目錄請求,而不會到後端請求,所以這時候你要保證後端跟前端的程序保持一致,可以使用Rsync做服務端自動同步。
#檢查Nginx配置文件是否配置正確,提示Ok and successful表示正確,如下:  
[root@WEB-11-151 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
#啟動Nginx服務 
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
#查看Nginx進程是否啟動 
ps -ef |grep nginx
本文只是一個簡單的實際案例,裡面的配置和參數這裡沒有做過多的說明。
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