注：以下所有操作均在CentOS 6.5 x86_64位系統下完成。
#准備工作#
在安裝MySQL之前，請確保已經使用yum安裝了各類基礎組件，具體見《CentOS安裝LNMP環境的基礎組件》。
然後創建mysql的用戶組和用戶，並且不允許登錄權限：
# id mysql id: mysql：無此用戶 # groupadd mysql # useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql # id mysql uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) 組=500(mysql)
#MySQL的安裝#
給MySQL的安裝准備目錄：
# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data # chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
開始源碼安裝MySQL：
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.10.tar.gz
# tar zxf mysql-5.6.10.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.6.10
# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10 -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/etc -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/tmp/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
...
CMake Warning:
Manually-specified variables were not used by the project:
MYSQL_USER
-- Build files have been written to: /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.10
# make && make install
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/etc
# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/tmp
# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/ /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
給當前環境添加MySQL的bin目錄：
# vim /etc/profile export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin $ source /etc/profile
執行初初始化配置腳本並創建系統自帶的數據庫和表：
# cd /usr/local/mysql # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data ... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h iZ94mobdenkZ password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: ./bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems with the ./bin/mysqlbug script! The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com WARNING: Found existing config file ./my.cnf on the system. Because this file might be in use, it was not replaced, but was used in bootstrap (unless you used --defaults-file) and when you later start the server. The new default config file was created as ./my-new.cnf, please compare it with your file and take the changes you need. WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system This file will be read by default by the MySQL server If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the --defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
注：由於MySQL在啟動的時候，會先去/etc/my.cnf找配置文件，如果沒有找到則搜索$basedir/my.cnf，也即/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/my.cnf，所以必須確保/etc/my.cnf沒有存在，否則可能導致無法啟動。
實際操作上發現系統上存在該文件，所以這裡可能需要將該文件先備份改名，然後再根據上面的配置寫配置文件：
# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak # vim /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10 datadir=/data/mysql/data socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/tmp/mysql.sock user=mysql sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
修改MySQL用戶root的密碼，這裡使用mysqld_safe安全模式啟動：
# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking & [1] 3970 [root@iZ94mobdenkZ ~]# 141230 19:02:31 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/data/centos.err'. 141230 19:02:32 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/data
這個時候已經啟動了mysqd_safe安全模式，另開一個窗口作為客戶端連入MySQL服務器：
# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.10 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=password('yourpassword') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;
修改完畢之後使用kill把mysqld_safe進程殺死：
# ps aux | grep mysql root 3970 0.0 0.2 106308 1492 pts/1 S 19:02 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking mysql 4143 0.1 18.0 558280 90316 pts/1 Sl 19:02 0:00 /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10 --datadir=/data/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/lib/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking --log-error=/data/mysql/data/centos.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/data/centos.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/tmp/mysql.sock root 4313 0.0 0.1 103252 836 pts/0 S+ 19:05 0:00 grep mysql # kill -9 3970 # kill -9 4143
或者回到剛才啟動mysqld_safe的窗口ctrl+c將進程殺死也行。
復制服務啟動腳本：
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld # chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
設置開機啟動MySQL服務並正常開啟MySQL服務（非必要項）：
# chkconfig mysqld on
# service mysqld
Usage: mysqld {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]
# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.
以後就可以直接通過service mysqld命令來開啟/關閉MySQL數據庫了。
最後，建議生產環境下運行安全設置腳本，禁止root用戶遠程連接，移除test數據庫和匿名用戶等：
# /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10/bin/mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
注：上面輸入的root密碼指的是前面設置的MySQL的root賬戶的密碼。
至此，MySQL數據庫已經安裝完畢。
#MySQL的安全配置#
1、確保啟動MySQL不能使用系統的root賬號，必須是新建的mysql賬號，比如：
# mysqld_safe --user=mysql
2、MySQL安裝好運行初始化數據庫後，默認的root賬戶密碼為空，必須給其設置一個密碼，同時保證該密碼具有較高的安全性。比如：
mysql> user mysql;
mysql> update user set password=password('yourpassword') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
3、刪除默認數據庫及用戶：
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ mysql> drop daabase test; mysql> use mysql; mysql> select host,user from user; +--------------+------+ | host | user | +--------------+------+ | 127.0.0.1 | root | | ::1 | root | | centos | | | centos | root | | localhost | | | localhost | root | +--------------+------+ mysql> delete from user where not(host='localhost' and user='root'); mysql> flush privileges;
注：上面的user表中的數據可能會有所不同。
4、當開發網站連接數據庫的時候，建議建立一個用戶只針對某個庫有update/select/delete/insert/drop table/create table等權限，減小某個項目的數據庫的用戶名和密碼被竊取後造成其他項目受影響，比如：
mysql>create database yourdbname default charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci; mysql>create user 'yourusername'@'localhost' identified by 'yourpassword'; mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop privileges on yourdbname.* To 'yourusername'@localhost identified by 'yourpassword';
5、數據庫文件所在的目錄不允許未經授權的用戶訪問，需要控制對該目錄的訪問，比如：
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data # chmod -R go-rwx /data/mysql/data
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