關於關於驅動設備模型相關概念請參考《Linux Device Drivers》等相關書籍,和內核源碼目錄...\Documentation\driver-model
簡單來說總線(bus),驅動(driver),設備(device)這三者之間的關系就是:驅動開發者可以通過總線(bus)來將驅動(driver)和設備(device)進行隔離,這樣的好處就是開發者可以將相對穩定不變的驅動(driver)獨立起來,可以通過總線(bus)來橋接與之匹配的設備(device)。設備(device)只需要提供與硬件相關的底層硬件的配置,如io,中斷等。
platform.c 提供了一個平台總線(platform_bus),和注冊平台設備(platform_device)和平台驅動(platform_driver)的相關接口,其中平台總線(platform_bus)已經編進內核,開發者只需要提供平台設備(platform_device)和平台驅動(platform_driver)的相關代碼就行了。
在linux源碼目錄\drivers\input\keyboard下,提供了一個gpio_keys.c的平台驅動(platform_driver),這個就是一個簡單地按鍵驅動,檢測到按鍵狀態,上報給輸入子系統。
因此,開發者需要做的就是提供一個平台設備(platform_device),以向平台驅動(platform_driver)提供相關的硬件配置,如按鍵IO,中斷號,按鍵碼等等。
gpio_keys.c (不用任何改動)
1 /*
2 * Driver for keys on GPIO lines capable of generating interrupts.
3 *
4 * Copyright 2005 Phil Blundell
5 *
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
9 */
10
11 #include <linux/module.h>
12 #include <linux/version.h>
13
14 #include <linux/init.h>
15 #include <linux/fs.h>
16 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
17 #include <linux/irq.h>
18 #include <linux/sched.h>
19 #include <linux/pm.h>
20 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
21 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
22 #include <linux/delay.h>
23 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
24 #include <linux/input.h>
25 #include <linux/irq.h>
26 #include <linux/gpio_keys.h>
27
28 #include <asm/gpio.h>
29
30 static irqreturn_t gpio_keys_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
31 {
32 int i;
33 /* [cgw]: 在gpio_keys_probe()中調用了request_irq(..., pdev),
34 * 因此dev_id指向了platform_device *pdev,通過dev_id間接傳遞
35 * platform_device *指針
36 */
37 struct platform_device *pdev = dev_id;
38 /* [cgw]: 當platform_device 和 platform_driver匹配時,會通過
39 * probe()傳遞platform_device進來。在注冊platform_device時,
40 * platform_device.dev.platform_data必須指向gpio_keys_platform_data *
41 */
42 struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
43 /* [cgw]: probe()中已分配了一個struct input_dev,並通過platform_set_drvdata()
44 * 設置platform_device->dev->driver_data = input;
45 */
46 struct input_dev *input = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
47
48 /* [cgw]: 輪詢pdata->nbuttons個按鍵 */
49 for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) {
50 struct gpio_keys_button *button = &pdata->buttons[i];
51 int gpio = button->gpio;
52
53 /* [cgw]: 某個gpio發生了中斷 */
54 if (irq == gpio_to_irq(gpio)) {
55 /* [cgw]: 獲得按鍵類型 */
56 unsigned int type = button->type ?: EV_KEY;
57 /* [cgw]: 獲取按鍵狀態 */
58 int state = (gpio_get_value(gpio) ? 1 : 0) ^ button->active_low;
59 /* [cgw]: 發送按鍵事件 */
60 input_event(input, type, button->code, !!state);
61 /* [cgw]: 發送同步事件 */
62 input_sync(input);
63 }
64 }
65
66 return IRQ_HANDLED;
67 }
68
69 static int __devinit gpio_keys_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
70 {
71 /* [cgw]: 在gpio_keys_probe()中調用了request_irq(..., pdev),
72 * 因此dev_id指向了platform_device *pdev,通過dev_id間接傳遞
73 * platform_device *指針
74 */
75 struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
76 struct input_dev *input;
77 int i, error;
78
79 /* [cgw]: 分配一個輸入設備 */
80 input = input_allocate_device();
81 /* [cgw]: 分配失敗 */
82 if (!input)
83 return -ENOMEM;
84
85 /* [cgw]: 設置platform_device->dev->driver_data = input */
86 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, input);
87
88 /* [cgw]: 設置evdev.c支持的事件類型 */
89 input->evbit[0] = BIT(EV_KEY);
90 /* [cgw]: 設置輸入設備名,同platform_device的名字 */
91 input->name = pdev->name;
92 /* [cgw]: */
93 input->phys = "gpio-keys/input0";
94 /* [cgw]: 設置輸入設備dev的父節點為platform_device->dev */
95 input->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
96
97 /* [cgw]: 設置輸入設備總線類型,供應商,產品,版本 */
98 input->id.bustype = BUS_HOST;
99 input->id.vendor = 0x0001;
100 input->id.product = 0x0001;
101 input->id.version = 0x0100;
102
103 /* [cgw]: 為pdata->nbuttons個按鍵申請中斷 */
104 for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) {
105 struct gpio_keys_button *button = &pdata->buttons[i];
106 /* [cgw]: 獲得gpio對應的中斷號 */
107 int irq = gpio_to_irq(button->gpio);
108 /* [cgw]: 獲得按鍵類型 */
109 unsigned int type = button->type ?: EV_KEY;
110
111 /* [cgw]: 設置中斷類型為邊沿中斷 */
112 set_irq_type(irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH);
113 /* [cgw]: 申請中斷,設置中斷服務程序 */
114 error = request_irq(irq, gpio_keys_isr, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM,
115 button->desc ? button->desc : "gpio_keys",
116 pdev);
117 if (error) {
118 printk(KERN_ERR "gpio-keys: unable to claim irq %d; error %d\n",
119 irq, error);
120 goto fail;
121 }
122
123 /* [cgw]: 設置evdev.c支持的按鍵碼 */
124 input_set_capability(input, type, button->code);
125 }
126
127 /* [cgw]: 注冊一個輸入設備 */
128 error = input_register_device(input);
129 /* [cgw]: 注冊失敗 */
130 if (error) {
131 printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to register gpio-keys input device\n");
132 goto fail;
133 }
134
135 return 0;
136
137 fail:
138 /* [cgw]: 釋放中斷 */
139 for (i = i - 1; i >= 0; i--)
140 free_irq(gpio_to_irq(pdata->buttons[i].gpio), pdev);
141 /* [cgw]: 釋放輸入設備占用的內存 */
142 input_free_device(input);
143
144 return error;
145 }
146
147 static int __devexit gpio_keys_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
148 {
149 /* [cgw]: 在gpio_keys_probe()中調用了request_irq(..., pdev),
150 * 因此dev_id指向了platform_device *pdev,通過dev_id間接傳遞
151 * platform_device *指針
152 */
153 struct gpio_keys_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
154 /* [cgw]: probe()中已分配了一個struct input_dev,並通過platform_set_drvdata()
155 * 設置platform_device->dev->driver_data = input;
156 */
157 struct input_dev *input = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
158 int i;
159
160 /* [cgw]: 釋放中斷 */
161 for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) {
162 int irq = gpio_to_irq(pdata->buttons[i].gpio);
163 free_irq(irq, pdev);
164 }
165
166 /* [cgw]: 注銷輸入設備 */
167 input_unregister_device(input);
168
169 return 0;
170 }
171
172 struct platform_driver gpio_keys_device_driver = {
173 .probe = gpio_keys_probe,
174 .remove = __devexit_p(gpio_keys_remove),
175 .driver = {
176 .name = "gpio-keys",
177 }
178 };
179
180 static int __init gpio_keys_init(void)
181 {
182 /* [cgw]: 注冊gpio_keys_device_driver平台驅動 */
183 return platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_device_driver);
184 }
185
186 static void __exit gpio_keys_exit(void)
187 {
188 /* [cgw]: 注銷gpio_keys_device_driver平台驅動 */
189 platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_device_driver);
190 }
191
192 module_init(gpio_keys_init);
193 module_exit(gpio_keys_exit);
194
195 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
196 MODULE_AUTHOR("Phil Blundell <pb@handhelds.org>");
197 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Keyboard driver for CPU GPIOs");
平台設備(platform_device):
keys_dev.c
1 #include <linux/module.h>
2 #include <linux/version.h>
3
4 #include <linux/init.h>
5
6 #include <linux/kernel.h>
7 #include <linux/types.h>
8 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
9 #include <linux/list.h>
10 #include <linux/timer.h>
11 #include <linux/init.h>
12 #include <linux/serial_core.h>
13 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
14 #include <linux/gpio_keys.h>
15 #include <linux/input.h>
16 #include <linux/irq.h>
17
18 #include <asm/gpio.h>
19 #include <asm/io.h>
20 #include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
21
22 /* [cgw]: 設置四個按鍵的鍵碼,按鍵io,激活狀態,按鍵名,按鍵類型 */
23 static struct gpio_keys_button keys_buff[4] = {
24 {
25 KEY_A,
26 S3C2410_GPF0,
27 1,
28 "A",
29 EV_KEY
30 },
31
32 {
33 KEY_B,
34 S3C2410_GPF2,
35 1,
36 "B",
37 EV_KEY
38 },
39
40 {
41 KEY_C,
42 S3C2410_GPG3,
43 1,
44 "C",
45 EV_KEY
46 },
47
48 {
49 KEY_D,
50 S3C2410_GPG11,
51 1,
52 "D",
53 EV_KEY
54 },
55 };
56
57
58 static struct gpio_keys_platform_data keys_dev = {
59 .buttons = &keys_buff[0],
60 .nbuttons = ARRAY_SIZE(keys_buff)
61 };
62
63 static void keys_dev_release(struct device * dev)
64 {
65 printk("keys_dev_release! \n");
66 }
67
68 /* [cgw]: 分配一個平台設備 */
69 static struct platform_device keys_platform_dev = {
70 .name = "gpio-keys",
71 .id = -1,
72 .dev = {
73 .release = keys_dev_release,
74 .platform_data = (void *)&keys_dev,
75 },
76 };
77
78
79 static int keys_dev_init(void)
80 {
81 /* [cgw]: 注冊keys_platform_dev平台設備 */
82 platform_device_register(&keys_platform_dev);
83 return 0;
84 }
85
86 static void keys_dev_exit(void)
87 {
88 /* [cgw]: 注銷keys_platform_dev平台設備 */
89 platform_device_unregister(&keys_platform_dev);
90 }
91
92 module_init(keys_dev_init);
93 module_exit(keys_dev_exit);
94
95 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
應用測試程序:
platform_test.c
1 #include <sys/types.h>
2 #include <sys/stat.h>
3 #include <fcntl.h>
4 #include <stdio.h>
5 #include <poll.h>
6 #include <signal.h>
7 #include <sys/types.h>
8 #include <unistd.h>
9 #include <fcntl.h>
10
11 #include <linux/input.h>
12
13
14
15 int fd;
16
17 void my_signal_fun(int signum)
18 {
19 struct input_event buttons_event;
20
21 /* [cgw]: 異步通知產生時返回的數據 */
22 read(fd, &buttons_event, sizeof(struct input_event));
23
24 /* [cgw]: 打印事件類型,事件碼,事件值 */
25 printf("type: 0x%x code: 0x%x value: 0x%x\n",
26 buttons_event.type,
27 buttons_event.code,
28 buttons_event.value);
29 }
30
31 int main(int argc, char **argv)
32 {
33 int ret, arg;
34 struct pollfd fds[1];
35 unsigned long ver = 0;
36
37 fd = open("/dev/event1", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
38
39 if (fd < 0)
40 {
41 printf("can't open!\n");
42 }
43
44 ioctl(fd, EVIOCGVERSION, &ver);
45 printf("Ver:0x%x \n", ver);
46
47 /* [cgw]: 設置文件標識符 */
48 fds[0].fd = fd;
49 /* [cgw]: 設置應用程序要響應的事件 */
50 fds[0].events = POLLIN;
51
52 while (1)
53 {
54 /* [cgw]: 休眠5S */
55 ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);
56
57 /* [cgw]: 喚醒或超時 */
58 //printf("wake up!\n");
59 if (ret == 0)
60 {
61 printf("time out\n");
62 }
63 else
64 {
65 my_signal_fun(arg);
66 }
67 }
68
69 close(fd);
70
71 return 0;
72 }
平台設備(platform_device) keys_platform_dev 是怎樣找到與之匹配的平台驅動(platform_driver) gpio_keys_device_driver的呢?
因為他們都注冊到了平台總線(platform_bus)上。平台驅動(platform_driver)和平台設備(platform_device)會相互查找彼此是否匹配,匹配的條件就是,
1 static int platform_match(struct device * dev, struct device_driver * drv)
2 {
3 struct platform_device *pdev = container_of(dev, struct platform_device, dev);
4
5 return (strncmp(pdev->name, drv->name, BUS_ID_SIZE) == 0);
6 }
platform_device->name == platform_driver->driver->name 即他們的名字就是:“gpio-keys”
一旦匹配,就會調用
1 static int platform_drv_probe(struct device *_dev)
2 {
3 struct platform_driver *drv = to_platform_driver(_dev->driver);
4 struct platform_device *dev = to_platform_device(_dev);
5
6 return drv->probe(dev);
7 }
drv->probe() = platform_driver->probe() = gpio_keys_probe()
這樣平台驅動(platform_driver)就可以獲得平台設備(platform_device)的 struct platform_device結構的數據了,即keys_platform_dev,從這個結構就可以獲得相關配置,以使能平台驅動(platform_driver) gpio_keys.c中相應的IO和中斷。
實驗現象:
# insmod gpio_keys.ko //安裝平台驅動(platform_driver) # insmod keys_dev.ko //安裝平台設備(platform_device) input: gpio-keys as /class/input/input1 # ./platform_test //運行應用測試程序 Ver:0x10000 //用ioctl獲取輸入子系統的版本號 type: 0x1 code: 0x2e value: 0x1 //按下"C"鍵 type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 //因為調用了input_sync() type: 0x1 code: 0x2e value: 0x0 //松開(彈起)"C"鍵 type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 //因為調用了input_sync() type: 0x1 code: 0x30 value: 0x1 //... ... type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 type: 0x1 code: 0x30 value: 0x0 type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 type: 0x1 code: 0x1e value: 0x1 type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 type: 0x1 code: 0x1e value: 0x0 type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 type: 0x1 code: 0x20 value: 0x1 type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 type: 0x1 code: 0x20 value: 0x0 type: 0x0 code: 0x0 value: 0x0 time out time out time out
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