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Linux內核編譯,配置本機驅動

1.前言                                                 

編譯Linux內核失敗的原因很多時候就是驅動選錯,適合自己本機的驅動沒編譯進去。面對特殊平台(或者有些潔癖者,我就是^_^),要編譯精簡內核,只要本機驅動,其他都不需要。面對內核裡面這麼多驅動,不懂硬件的我們,看到都頭大。本人第一次安裝gentoo的時候,內核編譯了5次,前4次主要失敗原因是以太網卡驅動、無線網卡驅動、顯卡驅動、聲卡驅動都沒一次性配置正確。雖然gentoo提供了genkernel命令,可以自動幫你編譯內核,但還是想自己手工嘗試下。

2.獲取本機驅動信息                             

既然跟內核掛鉤,我們獲取本機內核驅動信息最直接的辦法就是使用lspci命令,這個命令可以輸出本機驅動信息,配合-k選項可以看到此驅動在內核的位子。

一般編譯內核的場景:更新舊內核,安裝定制版linux發行版(gentoo,arch等),嵌入式平台,其他特殊平台等等...

大部分場景在下都可以使用lspci命令,安裝gentoo的livecd版都提供了該工具,如果其他系統沒有就安裝該工具

debian系列安裝

1 $:sudo apt-get install pciutils 

或者源碼編譯安裝,下載地址https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/utils/pciutils/

然後我們獲取本機環境現存的驅動信息,下面是我的機器上面的信息:

 1 $:lspci -k
 2 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)
 3     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
 4 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port (rev 09)
 5     Kernel driver in use: pcieport
 6 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
 7     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e3
 8     Kernel driver in use: i915
 9 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
10     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
11     Kernel driver in use: mei_me
12 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
13     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
14     Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
15 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
16     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
17     Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
18 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b4)
19     Kernel driver in use: pcieport
20 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev b4)
21     Kernel driver in use: pcieport
22 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b4)
23     Kernel driver in use: pcieport
24 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b4)
25     Kernel driver in use: pcieport
26 00:1c.7 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 8 (rev b4)
27     Kernel driver in use: pcieport
28 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
29     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
30     Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
31 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 04)
32     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
33     Kernel driver in use: lpc_ich
34 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 04)
35     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
36     Kernel driver in use: ahci
37 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04)
38     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
39 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Seymour [Radeon HD 6400M/7400M Series] (rev ff)
40     Kernel driver in use: radeon
41 03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 06)
42     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
43     Kernel driver in use: r8169
44 04:00.0 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd PCIe SDXC/MMC Host Controller (rev 07)
45     Subsystem: Lenovo Device 21e2
46     Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci
47 09:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter (rev 01)
48     Subsystem: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 8195
49     Kernel driver in use: rtl8192ce

我們可以看到每個驅動後面都有Kernel driver in use:,代表驅動在內核中的鏈接位子。

3.配置內核驅動                             

下載內核源碼https://www.kernel.org/,我這裡下載的是stable 4.3.3,解壓後進入源碼目錄執行:

1 $:make menuconfig

接下來就會彈出編譯選項界面,如圖:

我們可以看到上面有快捷鍵操作說明,我重點在</> for Search,在界面直接按反斜槓,進入搜索界面。接下來挑個重點驅動說明一下,我們看

Network controller,可以看到型號是Realtek  RTL8188CE,然後Kernel driver in use: rtl8192ce,在內核的位子鏈接是rtl8192ce

我們按</>,輸入rtl8192ce,然後回車,就會出現詳細位子,如圖:

我們可以看到Pormt提示上面跟我要的型號一樣,具體選項的前面有個(1),注意這裡同一個Symbol(就是剛剛輸入的rtl8192ce)有的對應很多選項,根據前面的序號,按對應的數字就可以直接進入選項,按<esc>可以返回來這個界面。這裡,我直接按1。按1後,就到具體選項了,如圖:

我們看到上面,發行版為了兼容各種機器,把所有Realtek的驅動都編譯進成了模塊。接下來就保留自己的驅動型號,去掉其他不要的。

剩下的驅動跟上面操作一樣的,還有的不必要驅動是直接編譯進了內核,非模塊。對照自己的驅動,其他都可以不要。配置好後的內核

配置文件最好保存下來,如果驅動沒配置成功,再配置的時候把保存的配置文件復制一份到源碼目錄,命名為.config。繼續make menuconfig配置。

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