1、Hosting environment：VMare Ubuntu10.04
2、Cross-compiling environment：arm-2009q3.tar.bz2
3、Development board：QT6410
4、nanflash：K9F2G08(256M)
5、linux -version：Linux-2.6.39
6、uboot-version：u-boot-2010.06一、下載並解壓內核源碼
a)在命令行終端中可以通過下列方式下載，當然用其它下載工具下載
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Android#cd ../Linux
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.39.tar.gz
b)解壓源碼
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux#
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# tar zxvf linux-2.6.39.tar.gz
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# ls
linux-2.6.32.2 linux-2.6.39
linux-2.6.36.2 linux-2.6.39.tar.bz2
linux-2.6.36.2.tar.gz linux-2.6.39.tar.gz
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux# cd linux-2.6.39
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#
c)指定交叉編譯器
移植目的讓 Linux-2.6.39 可以在QT6410 上運行。首先,使得Linux-2.6.39的缺省目標平台成為ARM 的平台,修改主目錄下的Makefile。
用vi打開Makefile,定位到196行，修改如下：
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39# vi Makefile
# Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
# Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile
export KBUILD_BUILDHOST := $(SUBARCH)
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
# Architecture as present in compile.h
UTS_MACHINE := $(ARCH)
SRCARCH := $(ARCH)
修改完成後退出保存
二、創建目標平台
從smdk6410到qt6410
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#cd arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx#cp mach-smdk6410.c mach-qt6410.c
將mach-mach-qt6410.c文件中的所有smdk6410改成qt6410
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx#vi mach-qt6410.c
修改mach-s3c64xx目錄下的Makefile和Kconfig 修改如下：
Kconfig:添加如下紅色代碼
config MACH_SMDK6410
bool "SMDK6410"
select CPU_S3C6410
select SAMSUNG_DEV_ADC
select S3C_DEV_HSMMC
select S3C_DEV_HSMMC1
select S3C_DEV_I2C1
select SAMSUNG_DEV_IDE
select S3C_DEV_FB
select S3C_DEV_RTC
select SAMSUNG_DEV_TS
select S3C_DEV_USB_HOST
select S3C_DEV_USB_HSOTG
select S3C_DEV_WDT
select SAMSUNG_DEV_KEYPAD
select SAMSUNG_DEV_PWM
select HAVE_S3C2410_WATCHDOG if WATCHDOG
select S3C64XX_SETUP_SDHCI
select S3C64XX_SETUP_I2C1
select S3C64XX_SETUP_IDE
select S3C64XX_SETUP_FB_24BPP
select S3C64XX_SETUP_KEYPAD
help
Machine support for the Samsung SMDK6410
config MACH_QT6410
bool "QT6410"
select CPU_S3C6410
select SAMSUNG_DEV_ADC
select S3C_DEV_HSMMC
select S3C_DEV_HSMMC1
select S3C_DEV_I2C1
select SAMSUNG_DEV_IDE
select S3C_DEV_FB
select S3C_DEV_RTC
select SAMSUNG_DEV_TS
select S3C_DEV_USB_HOST
select S3C_DEV_USB_HSOTG
select S3C_DEV_WDT
select SAMSUNG_DEV_KEYPAD
select SAMSUNG_DEV_PWM
select HAVE_S3C2410_WATCHDOG if WATCHDOG
select S3C64XX_SETUP_SDHCI
select S3C64XX_SETUP_I2C1
select S3C64XX_SETUP_IDE
select S3C64XX_SETUP_FB_24BPP
select S3C64XX_SETUP_KEYPAD
help
Machine support for the Samsung QT6410
Makefile:添加如下紅色代碼
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_ANW6410) += mach-anw6410.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_SMDK6400) += mach-smdk6400.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_SMDK6410) += mach-smdk6410.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_QT6410) += mach-qt6410.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_REAL6410) += mach-real6410.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_MINI6410) += mach-mini6410.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_NCP) += mach-ncp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_HMT) += mach-hmt.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_SMARTQ) += mach-smartq.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_SMARTQ5) += mach-smartq5.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_SMARTQ7) += mach-smartq7.o
三、About machine Number
打開arch/arm/tools/mach-types文件定位到217行左右,修改如下
at91sam9g20ek MACH_AT91SAM9G20EK AT91SAM9G20EK 1624
qt6410 MACH_QT6410 QT6410 1626
u300 MACH_U300 U300 1627
這需要兩者相匹配，如果內核的機器碼和bootloader 傳入的不匹配，就會經常出現下面的錯誤：
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................. done, booting
the kernel. 不動了
接著修改linux-2.6.39/arch/arm/mach-s3c64xx/qt6410.c定位到文件末尾處
四、配置、編譯測試
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#cp arch/arm/configs/s3c6400_defconfig .config
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make menuconfig
出現下圖所示內核配置根菜單
設置完後退出
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#make uImage
等待若干久後出現
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gzip
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gzip.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/decompress.o
SHIPPED arch/arm/boot/compressed/lib1funcs.S
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/lib1funcs.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.39
Created: Mon Dec 12 20:29:35 2011
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1266444 Bytes = 1236.76 kB = 1.21 MB
Load Address: 50008000
Entry Point: 50008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
root@bootloader:/home/eilian/development/Linux/linux-2.6.39#cparch/arm/boot/uImage /tftpboot/
給開發板上電(開發板已燒入uboot)打開超級終端
U-Boot 2010.06 (Dec 12 2011 - 18:39:28) for QT6410
**********************************************
** u-boot-2010.06
** Updated for QT6410 Board
** Version 1.0 (11-12-15)
** Author: eilian
** blog: http://blog.csdn.net/eilianlau
** E-mail: [email protected]
**********************************************
CPU: S3C6410@667MHz
Fclk = 667MHz, Hclk = 133MHz, Pclk = 66MHz (ASYNC Mode)
Board: QT6410
DRAM: 128 MiB
NAND: 256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: dm9000
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
QT6410# tftp 50018000 uImage
dm9000 i/o: 0x18000300, id: 0x90000a46
DM9000: running in 16 bit mode
MAC: 00:40:5c:26:0a:5b
operating at unknown: 15 mode
Using dm9000 device
TFTP from server 211.67.217.136; our IP address is 211.67.217.138
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x50018000
Loading: T #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#####################################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1266508 (13534c hex)
QT6410# bootm 50018000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 50018000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.39
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1266444 Bytes = 1.2 MiB
Load Address: 50008000
Entry Point: 50008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.39 (root@bootloader) (gcc version 4.4.1 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q3-67) ) #1 Mon Dec 12 20:29:17 CST 2011
CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb766] revision 6 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387f
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
Machine: QT6410 development board
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C6410 (id 0x36410101)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
camera: no parent clock specified
S3C64XX: PLL settings, A=667000000, M=533000000, E=24000000
S3C64XX: HCLK2=266500000, HCLK=133250000, PCLK=66625000
mout_apll: source is fout_apll (1), rate is 667000000
mout_epll: source is epll (1), rate is 24000000
mout_mpll: source is mpll (1), rate is 533000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
usb-bus-host: source is clk_48m (0), rate is 48000000
uclk1: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
irda-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 24000000
camera: no parent clock specified
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32512
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc nconsole=tty1 console=ttySAC0,115200
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 128MB = 128MB total
Memory: 127192k/127192k available, 3880k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)
fixmap : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000 ( 896 kB)
DMA : 0xff600000 - 0xffe00000 ( 8 MB)
vmalloc : 0xc8800000 - 0xf6000000 ( 728 MB)
lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc8000000 ( 128 MB)
modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)
.init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0022000 ( 104 kB)
.text : 0xc0022000 - 0xc024dc88 (2224 kB)
.data : 0xc024e000 - 0xc0271200 ( 141 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
NR_IRQS:246
VIC @f6000000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
VIC @f6010000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 666.41 BogoMIPS (lpj=3332096)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
s3c64xx_dma_init: Registering DMA channels
PL080: IRQ 73, at c8808000, channels 0..8
PL080: IRQ 74, at c880c000, channels 8..16
S3C6410: Initialising architecture
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: bus frequency set to 65 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c.0: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
start plist test
end plist test
s3c-fb s3c-fb: window 0: fb
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
s3c6400-uart.0: ttySAC0 at MMIO 0x7f005000 (irq = 16) is a S3C6400/10
s3c6400-uart.1: ttySAC1 at MMIO 0x7f005400 (irq = 20) is a S3C6400/10
s3c6400-uart.2: ttySAC2 at MMIO 0x7f005800 (irq = 24) is a S3C6400/10
s3c6400-uart.3: ttySAC3 at MMIO 0x7f005c00 (irq = 28) is a S3C6400/10
brd: module loaded