談到系統版本就一定會想到uname,查看系統內核版本
uname -參數
其他的什麼-n -m -r 參數都忽略,直接-a
[root@linuxprobe ~]#uname -a Linux linuxprobe.com 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@linuxprobe ~]#
從uname中貌似確實看到了許多信息,但是好像並不是我想要的,沒有哪個系統的哪個版本
lsb_release -a[root@linuxprobe ~]# lsb_release -a LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago) Release: 6.4 Codename: Santiago [root@linuxprobe ~]#cat /etc/issue
[root@linuxprobe ~]#cat /etc/issue Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago) Kernel \r on an \m [root@linuxprobe ~]#查看內存相關 free
一談到Linux的內存就想到了一個命令free,在課本第2章 新手必須掌握的Linux命令中有對此的解釋
[root@linuxprobe ~]# free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 5228872 669360 4559512 0 28060 266936 -/+ buffers/cache: 374364 4854508 Swap: 4194296 0 4194296 [root@linuxprobe ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 5106 653 4452 0 27 260 -/+ buffers/cache: 365 4740 Swap: 4095 0 4095 [root@linuxprobe ~]# free -g total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4 0 4 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 0 4 Swap: 3 0 3 [root@linuxprobe ~]#
很明顯內存大小,使用多少,剩余多少,buffers和cached多少,以及swap情況一目了然,使用參數-m/-g 可以指定單位
查看cpu相關 uptime[root@linuxprobe ~]# uptime 20:09:48 up 43 min, 3 users, load average: 0.35, 0.25, 0.11 //系統的平均負載,1分鐘,5分鐘,15分鐘top
實時監控系統的cpu和內存,默認3s刷新一次
[root@linuxprobe ~]# top top - 20:15:41 up 49 min, 3 users, load average: 0.41, 0.38, 0.21 Tasks: 236 total, 1 running, 235 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.8%id, 0.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 5228872k total, 671136k used, 4557736k free, 28324k buffers Swap: 4194296k total, 0k used, 4194296k free, 267360k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 19360 1536 1224 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.37 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.69 migration/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 ksoftirqd/1 10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 11 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 migration/2 12 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/2 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/2 14 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 15 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.17 migration/3 16 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/3 17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 ksoftirqd/3 18 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.41 events/0
cpu內存實時利用率以此為標准
查看cpu參數——文件 :/proc/cpuinfo[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | uniq | wc -l 2 //cpu個數 [root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq cpu cores : 2 //線程數 [root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' |uniq model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz //cpu型號參數查看硬盤相關 df
[root@linuxprobe ~]# df 文件系統 1K-塊 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點 /dev/sda2 41284928 469040 38718736 2% / tmpfs 2614436 224 2614212 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 99150 32504 61526 35% /boot /dev/sda6 516040 18016 471812 4% /home /dev/sda3 4128448 2542976 1375760 65% /usr [root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h //以簡單的看得懂的方式顯示 文件系統 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 掛載點 /dev/sda2 40G 459M 37G 2% / tmpfs 2.5G 224K 2.5G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 97M 32M 61M 35% /boot /dev/sda6 504M 18M 461M 4% /home /dev/sda3 4.0G 2.5G 1.4G 65% /usrfdisk -l
[root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f0739 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 5235 41943040 83 Linux /dev/sda3 5235 5757 4194304 83 Linux /dev/sda4 5757 13055 58616832 5 Extended /dev/sda5 5757 6280 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 6280 6345 524288 83 Linux [root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk -l | grep Disk Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f0739 [root@linuxprobe ~]#iostat 查看硬盤讀寫速度
[root@linuxprobe ~]# iostat -t 1 3 //1s一次,查看3次 Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 (twj.baidu.com) 2016年06月07日 _x86_64_ (4 CPU) 2016年06月07日 20時40分03秒 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.17 0.06 0.74 0.84 0.00 98.19 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 8.34 273.82 136.61 1216528 606904 2016年06月07日 20時40分04秒 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 2.10 9.97 13.12 0.00 74.80 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 89.00 3472.00 11208.00 3472 11208 2016年06月07日 20時40分05秒 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 1.99 14.35 9.05 0.00 74.61 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 66.13 1464.52 9800.00 1816 12152
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