談到系統版本就一定會想到uname，查看系統內核版本
uname -參數
其他的什麼-n -m -r 參數都忽略，直接-a
[root@linuxprobe ~]#uname -aLinux linuxprobe.com 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[root@linuxprobe ~]#
從uname中貌似確實看到了許多信息，但是好像並不是我想要的，沒有哪個系統的哪個版本
lsb_release -a[root@linuxprobe ~]# lsb_release -aLSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarchDistributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServerDescription: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)Release: 6.4Codename: Santiago[root@linuxprobe ~]#cat /etc/issue
[root@linuxprobe ~]#cat /etc/issueRed Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)Kernel \r on an \m[root@linuxprobe ~]#查看內存相關free
一談到Linux的內存就想到了一個命令free，在課本第2章 新手必須掌握的Linux命令中有對此的解釋
[root@linuxprobe ~]# free total used free shared buffers cachedMem: 5228872 669360 4559512 0 28060 266936-/+ buffers/cache: 374364 4854508Swap: 4194296 0 4194296[root@linuxprobe ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cachedMem: 5106 653 4452 0 27 260-/+ buffers/cache: 365 4740Swap: 4095 0 4095[root@linuxprobe ~]# free -g total used free shared buffers cachedMem: 4 0 4 0 0 0-/+ buffers/cache: 0 4Swap: 3 0 3[root@linuxprobe ~]#
很明顯內存大小，使用多少，剩余多少，buffers和cached多少，以及swap情況一目了然，使用參數-m/-g 可以指定單位
查看cpu相關uptime[root@linuxprobe ~]# uptime 20:09:48 up 43 min, 3 users, load average: 0.35, 0.25, 0.11 //系統的平均負載，1分鐘，5分鐘，15分鐘top
實時監控系統的cpu和內存，默認3s刷新一次
[root@linuxprobe ~]# toptop - 20:15:41 up 49 min, 3 users, load average: 0.41, 0.38, 0.21Tasks: 236 total, 1 running, 235 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombieCpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.8%id, 0.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%stMem: 5228872k total, 671136k used, 4557736k free, 28324k buffersSwap: 4194296k total, 0k used, 4194296k free, 267360k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 19360 1536 1224 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.37 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/0 7 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.69 migration/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/1 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 ksoftirqd/1 10 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 11 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 migration/2 12 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/2 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/2 14 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 15 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.17 migration/3 16 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/3 17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 ksoftirqd/3 18 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.41 events/0
cpu內存實時利用率以此為標准
查看cpu參數——文件 ：/proc/cpuinfo[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | uniq | wc -l2 //cpu個數[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniqcpu cores: 2 //線程數[root@linuxprobe ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' |uniqmodel name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz //cpu型號參數查看硬盤相關df
[root@linuxprobe ~]# df文件系統 1K-塊 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點/dev/sda2 41284928 469040 38718736 2% /tmpfs 2614436 224 2614212 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 99150 32504 61526 35% /boot/dev/sda6 516040 18016 471812 4% /home/dev/sda3 4128448 2542976 1375760 65% /usr[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h //以簡單的看得懂的方式顯示文件系統 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 掛載點/dev/sda2 40G 459M 37G 2% /tmpfs 2.5G 224K 2.5G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 97M 32M 61M 35% /boot/dev/sda6 504M 18M 461M 4% /home/dev/sda3 4.0G 2.5G 1.4G 65% /usrfdisk -l
[root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000f0739 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 13 5235 41943040 83 Linux/dev/sda3 5235 5757 4194304 83 Linux/dev/sda4 5757 13055 58616832 5 Extended/dev/sda5 5757 6280 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda6 6280 6345 524288 83 Linux[root@linuxprobe ~]# fdisk -l | grep DiskDisk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000f0739[root@linuxprobe ~]#iostat 查看硬盤讀寫速度
[root@linuxprobe ~]# iostat -t 1 3 //1s一次，查看3次Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 (twj.baidu.com) 2016年06月07日 _x86_64_(4 CPU)2016年06月07日 20時40分03秒avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.17 0.06 0.74 0.84 0.00 98.19Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtnsda 8.34 273.82 136.61 1216528 6069042016年06月07日 20時40分04秒avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 2.10 9.97 13.12 0.00 74.80Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtnsda 89.00 3472.00 11208.00 3472 112082016年06月07日 20時40分05秒avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 1.99 14.35 9.05 0.00 74.61Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtnsda 66.13 1464.52 9800.00 1816 12152
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